Susma Platformu, 9 Ekim\u2019de Kocaeli Dayan\u0131\u015fma Akademisi (KODA) ev sahipli\u011finde\u00a0Online Medya ve \u0130fade \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc: Engeller ve Olanaklar\u00a0<\/i>ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi s\u00f6yle\u015fiyle Kocaeli\u2019ndeydi.<\/p>\n
K\u00fcltigin Ka\u011fan Akbulut moderat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, T\u00fcrkiye medyas\u0131n\u0131n ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ve son y\u0131llarda ana ak\u0131m medyan\u0131n tek seslili\u011fine alternatif olarak y\u00fckseli\u015fe ge\u00e7en \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i medyaya y\u00f6nelik engellemeleri oda\u011f\u0131na alan s\u00f6yle\u015finin konuklar\u0131 Gazete Duvar Genel Yay\u0131n Y\u00f6netmeni Ali Duran Topuz, Deutsche Welle T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019den Burcu Karaka\u015f ve akademisyen Adem Ye\u015filyurt\u2019tu.<\/p>\n
Online habercilikte \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l\u0131 geride b\u0131rakan Gazete Duvar\u2019\u0131n genel yay\u0131n y\u00f6netmeni Ali Duran Topuz, medyan\u0131n icat oldu\u011fundan beri devletin ilgi alan\u0131nda oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlatarak ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmas\u0131nda \u00f6nce 1950\u2019lerden bug\u00fcne T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de gazetecilik kimli\u011finin nas\u0131l bi\u00e7imlendi\u011fini \u00f6zetledi. \u201cGazetecilik 80\u2019e kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir kimlik olarak kurulmu\u015ftu, darbeden sonra s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim ko\u015fullar\u0131 uyguland\u0131, 24 Ocak kararlar\u0131yla birlikte devletle \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fen gazetecilik ge\u00e7erli oldu\u201d diyen Topuz, 90\u2019larda gazete sahipli\u011finin y\u00fcksek sermayeye teslim edildi\u011fini vurgulad\u0131: \u201cBu y\u00fcksek sermayenin siyasi taleplerini savunanlar \u00fcnl\u00fc gazeteciler olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131lar. Hem mesleki haklar\u0131n i\u00e7inin bo\u015falt\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, hem meslek i\u00e7i e\u011fitimin hem toplumsal ilgilerin yasakland\u0131\u011f\u0131, iyi gazetecili\u011fin prim g\u00f6rmedi\u011fi bir s\u00fcre\u00e7ti. Devlet zaman zaman bask\u0131 yapmaya kalksa bile as\u0131l bask\u0131 ve sans\u00fcr gazete y\u00f6netimlerinin kendisinden geliyordu ve zaten h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerle i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7indeydiler, hatta kimi zaman devletle kendilerini \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirerek hareket ediyorlard\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n
Alternatif medyan\u0131n olu\u015fum hamlelerini de bu tarihlerde g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc s\u00f6yleyen Duran, 90\u2019larda muhalif yay\u0131nlara, \u00f6zellikle de K\u00fcrt bas\u0131n\u0131na a\u011f\u0131r m\u00fcdahaleler yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 an\u0131msatt\u0131. \u201cO d\u00f6nem yine de sol ve K\u00fcrt medya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 hari\u00e7, genel kamusal alan i\u00e7inde s\u00f6z alacak ki\u015filer yarg\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hukuki bir hassasiyet ve kamu ilgisi oluyordu\u201d diyen Topuz, AKP iktidar\u0131n\u0131n ilk iki y\u0131l demokratikle\u015fme s\u00f6ylemi ekseninde, Do\u011fan Medya\u2019n\u0131n da kendi iktidar\u0131n\u0131 tahkim edecek bir serbesti alan\u0131 olu\u015fturdu\u011funu belirtti.<\/p>\n
\u201cYasak ve sans\u00fcr\u00fcn d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir unsurunun do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7eriklerin ana ak\u0131mda yay\u0131lmas\u0131 ise 2004-2005 gibi ba\u015flad\u0131. Gezi ve 15 Temmuz\u2019la birlikte de eski d\u00f6nemin k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckleri miras olarak al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, \u2018antihaber\u2019 \u00fcretilmesi ve standart gazetecilik mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmamas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu oldu. Ana ak\u0131mda mesle\u011fin temel kurallar\u0131n\u0131 bilen insanlar vard\u0131, son 3-4 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde her \u015feyin partiye ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu bir medya olu\u015ftu. \u0130ktidarda bulunanlar\u0131n neyden ho\u015flanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hayal edip bunu kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ki\u015filer d\u00f6nemin normali oldu. Sans\u00fcr ise gazeteye giden talimatlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla neyin yaz\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131na de\u011fil, neyin yaz\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na dair oldu\u201d s\u00f6zleriyle de bug\u00fcne nas\u0131l gelindi\u011fini \u00f6zetledi.<\/p>\n
Bu d\u00f6nemin anti hukuk ve anti gazetecilik \u015feklinde i\u015fledi\u011fi, sans\u00fcr\u00fcn bu kadar a\u00e7\u0131k y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir d\u00f6nemden hi\u00e7 ge\u00e7medi\u011fimizi vurgulayan Topuz, Gazete Duvar\u2019\u0131n eri\u015fim engeli uygulamas\u0131yla \u015fimdiye kadar az kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, bunun Gazete Duvar\u2019\u0131n yeni olmas\u0131ndan kaynakl\u0131 belirli bir okunma oran\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyerek ba\u015fka bir t\u00fcr engelden bahsetti: \u201cH\u00fck\u00fcmetle ya da yarg\u0131yla yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan birtak\u0131m ki\u015filer kendileriyle ilgili oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fckleri haberler hakk\u0131nda ba\u015fvurup eri\u015fim engeli alabiliyor. \u0130lk iki y\u0131lda eri\u015fim engeli geldi\u011finde karara uyup hemen kald\u0131r\u0131yorduk. Bunu yapma sebebimiz \u00f6ncelikle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z haberlerle sesimizi duyurmakt\u0131. Bir di\u011fer nedeni hukuki m\u00fccadelenin de maddi k\u00fclfeti olmas\u0131yd\u0131\u201d diyen Topuz bir s\u00fcredir Kerem Alt\u0131parmak\u2019\u0131n teklifiyle birka\u00e7 yay\u0131nla birlikte eri\u015fim engellerine itiraz etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
2015\u2019te Milliyet\u2019ten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan ve serbest gazeteci olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flayan Burcu Karaka\u015f ise internetin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 olanaklar vesilesiyle kendini bu mecrada buldu\u011funu belirterek \u201cMilliyet\u2019ten ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131mdan beri neredeyse yaz\u0131l\u0131 bas\u0131nda haberim \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131. Bu, benim i\u00e7in de yeni bir \u015feydi. 10 Ekim Ankara Katliam\u0131 zaman\u0131nda Medyascope yeni kurulmu\u015ftu, st\u00fcdyosu da yoktu. Ru\u015fen \u00c7ak\u0131r i\u015fsiz gazetecileri ar\u0131yordu. Ana ak\u0131mda hi\u00e7bir yay\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru d\u00fczg\u00fcn haber yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce, evimde gayet ilkel ko\u015fullarda bir saat boyunca bir yay\u0131n yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Hepimiz kafa g\u00f6z yara yara \u00f6\u011frenmeye ba\u015flad\u0131k internet habercili\u011fini\u201d dedi. \u0130nternetin b\u00fct\u00fcn sans\u00fcr ve eri\u015fim engellerine ra\u011fmen iyi bir mecra oldu\u011funu vurgulayan Karaka\u015f, \u201c\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc online medya s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan i\u015fliyor ve habere ihtiya\u00e7 var, sadece formu de\u011fi\u015fiyor, tam da b\u00f6yle zamanlarda daha da \u00f6nem kazan\u0131yor habercilik. BBC T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve DW T\u00fcrk\u00e7e gibi uluslararas\u0131 medyan\u0131n g\u00f6ze batmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi de haber yapan mecra kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in\u201d dedi. DW T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019de herhangi bir sans\u00fcr mekanizmas\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen Karaka\u015f, tam tersi kendisini zorlayan haberler de sipari\u015f edildi\u011fini ve otosans\u00fcr\u00fcn ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz hale geldi\u011fini belirtti.<\/p>\n
Burcu Karaka\u015f; SETA\u2019n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan yabanc\u0131 bas\u0131na dair bir fi\u015fleme niteli\u011finde haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 rapora da de\u011finerek \u201cH\u00fck\u00fcmete yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bilinen bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015fu, \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan yabanc\u0131 bas\u0131na dair bir rapor haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f. Yenilenen \u0130stanbul se\u00e7imlerinden hemen \u00f6nce SETA\u2019da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan biri \u2018bizim de elimiz armut toplam\u0131yor\u2019 diye giri\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm payla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131, raporun tamam\u0131 se\u00e7imlerden sonra a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131. BBC T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, EuroNews, Sputnik, DW T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, Amerika\u2019n\u0131n Sesi T\u00fcrk\u00e7e gibi yay\u0131nlarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar ve yapt\u0131klar\u0131 haberlerin d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc, sosyal medya payla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 listelemi\u015fler. Kamuya a\u00e7\u0131k \u015feyleri ne gibi bir ihtiya\u00e7la b\u00f6yle sundular, sa\u00e7mayd\u0131 ama bu bir t\u00fcr fi\u015fleme sonu\u00e7 olarak. Se\u00e7imi \u0130mamo\u011flu\u2019nun almas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in o atmosferde kimse ciddiye almad\u0131. Ba\u015fka bir zamanda bu rapor \u00fczerinden bir dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131 diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n
Kocaeli Dayan\u0131\u015fma Akademisi akademisyenlerinden Adem Ye\u015filyurt ise Medyascope, Art\u0131 Ger\u00e7ek, \u00d6zg\u00fcr\u00fcz, Independent gibi yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan yay\u0131n yapan kanallar; Netflix, BluTV gibi online TV kurulu\u015flar ya da bireysel olarak youtube \u00fczerinden yay\u0131n yapan alternatif online giri\u015fimleri hat\u0131rlatarak RT\u00dcK\u2019\u00fcn online yay\u0131n kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 denetleme iste\u011finin iki y\u0131ld\u0131r iktidar\u0131n g\u00fcndeminde oldu\u011funu belirtti. Yeni internet yasas\u0131n\u0131n 1 A\u011fustos 2019\u2019da y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesiyle birlikte yay\u0131n lisans\u0131 i\u00e7in RT\u00dcK\u2019e \u015fimdiye kadar 600\u2019den fazla kurulu\u015fun ba\u015fvuru yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen Ye\u015filyurt, bu durumun lisans almak isteyen kurumlara ciddi bir mali k\u00fclfet getirdi\u011fini vurgulad\u0131: \u201cInternet radyosu lisans ba\u015fvurusu yapmak i\u00e7in bile 10 bin TL \u00f6demeniz gerekiyor. E\u011fer bu internet TV ya da yay\u0131n hizmetiyse 100 bin TL\u2019lik yay\u0131n lisans\u0131 \u00f6demeniz gerekiyor. Platform i\u015fletmecisiyseniz 100 bin TL\u2019lik ba\u015fvuru \u00fccretinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra y\u0131ll\u0131k 100 bin TL\u2019lik yay\u0131n iletim yetkisi \u00f6d\u00fcyorsunuz, ayr\u0131ca sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131n binde 5\u2019ini de RT\u00dcK\u2019e veriyorsunuz.\u201d Sans\u00fcr konusunda ise ne olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kimsenin bilmedi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyen Ye\u015filyurt,\u00a0 \u201cBa\u015fvurular 3 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de yap\u0131ld\u0131 ve hen\u00fcz a\u00e7\u0131klanmad\u0131. RT\u00dcK bu ba\u015fvurular\u0131 de\u011ferlendirip uygun bulunanlara lisans verecek. Bu y\u00fczden denetim\/sans\u00fcr bu ba\u015fvuru a\u015famas\u0131nda i\u015fleyecek mi bilmiyoruz. Ayr\u0131ca ba\u015fvuru yapan t\u00fcm platformlar 6112 say\u0131l\u0131 RT\u00dcK kanununa uymak zorunda. Kanun T\u00fcrk aile yap\u0131s\u0131, genel ahlak, toplum yarar\u0131na g\u00f6re yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k yapma, ter\u00f6r propagandas\u0131, siyasi tarafgirli\u011fi yasaklama gibi keyfi ve geni\u015f bir uygulama alan\u0131 olan bir kanun. Mesela Medyascope\u2019u d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelim; bu kanal politik yay\u0131n yapmayacak m\u0131 ya da Netflix b\u00fct\u00fcn dizileri kald\u0131racak m\u0131?\u201d s\u00f6zleriyle de yasan\u0131n \u015fu haliyle uygulanabilir g\u00f6r\u00fcnmedi\u011fini ifade etti.<\/p>\n
RT\u00dcK ve BTK\u2019n\u0131n, yay\u0131n hizmetlerinin denetlenmesi i\u00e7in bir merkez kurabilece\u011fi ya da ihbar \u00fczerine hareket edilebilece\u011fi bilgisinin de y\u00f6netmelikte yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen Ye\u015filyurt, sekt\u00f6re hen\u00fcz girmemi\u015f platformlar\u0131n da geri durma ihtimallerine de\u011findi:<\/p>\n
\u201cNetflix\u2019in 1,5 milyondan fazla abonesinin oldu\u011fu bir \u00fclkeden \u00e7ekilmek istemeyece\u011fini biliyoruz, iktidar da \u2018benim \u00fclkemde bu kadar para kazan\u0131yorsan benim yay\u0131n politikama, iste\u011fime g\u00f6re yay\u0131n yapacaks\u0131n\u2019 diyor. Bir de i\u015fin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel iktidar meselesi var. AKP madem k\u00fclt\u00fcrel iktidar olamad\u0131k o zaman \u00fcretilen her \u015feyin \u00fcst\u00fcne bir denetim getirip onu kontrol edelim diyor.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cHakikat sonras\u0131\u201d ve \u201cyalan haber\u201d kavramlar\u0131na da dikkat \u00e7eken Ye\u015filyurt, ABD\u2019de halk\u0131n y\u00fczde 62\u2019sinin haberi sosyal medyadan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek Rusya\u2019n\u0131n m\u00fcdahil oldu\u011fu Trump\u2019\u0131n \u201cba\u015fkanl\u0131k se\u00e7im s\u00fcrecinde Rusya ile gizli i\u015f birli\u011fine girdi\u011fi\u201d iddias\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan soru\u015fturman\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, Cambridge Analytica\u2019n\u0131n Facebook verileri \u00fczerinden ABD ba\u015fkanl\u0131k se\u00e7imlerine m\u00fcdahale etti\u011fi tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n da devam etti\u011fini hat\u0131rlatt\u0131. \u201cT\u00fcm bunlar dijitalde \u00fcretilen yalan haberlerin bir t\u00fcr siyasi manip\u00fclasyona u\u011framas\u0131na sebep oluyor. Oysa bizde tam tersi, ana ak\u0131m denen yer bu uydurma haberleri o kadar \u00e7ok \u00fcretiyor ki biz sosyal medyada \u00fcretilenden \u00e7ok onlarla u\u011fra\u015f\u0131yoruz. Hatta arkas\u0131ndaki hakikati anlayabilmek i\u00e7in online, muhalif medyaya bak\u0131yoruz. Tam da bu y\u00fczden ana ak\u0131m yay\u0131nlar a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ve online yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k y\u00fckseli\u015fe ge\u00e7ti.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Susma Platformu, 9 Ekim\u2019de Kocaeli Dayan\u0131\u015fma Akademisi (KODA) ev sahipli\u011finde\u00a0Online Medya ve \u0130fade \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc: Engeller ve Olanaklar\u00a0ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi s\u00f6yle\u015fiyle Kocaeli\u2019ndeydi. K\u00fcltigin Ka\u011fan Akbulut moderat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, T\u00fcrkiye medyas\u0131n\u0131n ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ve son y\u0131llarda ana ak\u0131m medyan\u0131n tek seslili\u011fine alternatif olarak y\u00fckseli\u015fe ge\u00e7en \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i medyaya y\u00f6nelik engellemeleri oda\u011f\u0131na alan s\u00f6yle\u015finin konuklar\u0131 Gazete Duvar Genel Yay\u0131n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":7168,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jf_save_progress":"","_jf_limit_responses":"","jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"jnews_post_split":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[4610,6263],"tags":[718,425,105],"class_list":["post-7167","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-egitim","category-medya-akademisi","tag-online-medya","tag-panel","tag-sansur"],"yoast_head":"\n