{"id":32743,"date":"2023-06-02T12:39:52","date_gmt":"2023-06-02T10:39:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ijaev.org\/?p=32743"},"modified":"2023-06-02T12:39:52","modified_gmt":"2023-06-02T10:39:52","slug":"afganistanda-gazetecilik-neredeyse-bitti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/internationaljournalists.org\/tr\/afganistanda-gazetecilik-neredeyse-bitti\/","title":{"rendered":"Afganistan’da gazetecilik neredeyse bitti"},"content":{"rendered":"

Afgan Gazetecilerin Taliban Esareti<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"
Sohrab Omar – Gazeteci<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Afganistan, mevcut rejimin bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7\u00f6kertmesiyle gazeteciler i\u00e7in giderek daha d\u00fc\u015fmanca bir yer haline geldi. Taliban d\u00f6neminde Afgan gazeteci olmak her zamankinden daha zor. Taliban’\u0131n k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7izgilerinin durdu\u011fu yeri bilmiyoruz. Bir\u00e7ok gazeteci intikam, \u015fiddetli sald\u0131r\u0131lar ve keyfi g\u00f6zalt\u0131lar korkusuyla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 b\u0131rakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

5 A\u011fustos 2022’de ben ve Alman meslekta\u015f\u0131m, Afganistan D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’ndan \u00fclkede olanlar\u0131 haber yapma iznimiz olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, El Kaide lideri Aiman Alzawahiri’nin ABD\u2019nin insans\u0131z hava arac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olay yerinde Taliban taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131k.<\/p>\n

Kabil’in merkezindeki halka a\u00e7\u0131k bir sokakta, b\u00f6lgeye yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, her ikimiz de Taliban \u0130stihbarat g\u00fc\u00e7leri (GDI) taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131k. Ajanlar bizi neredeyse bir saat boyunca bir konteynere kilitlediler, tehdit ettiler ve faaliyetlerimiz hakk\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok soru sordular. O b\u00f6lgede olmam\u0131z\u0131n amac\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere bir dizi ki\u015fisel soru soruldu.<\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma izinlerimizi, cep telefonlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ve not defterlerimizi kontrol ettiler. Bir saat sonra bizi serbest b\u0131rakt\u0131lar ve asla geri d\u00f6nmememizi s\u00f6ylediler, aksi takdirde bunun ciddi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 olacakt\u0131!<\/p>\n

HER AN TUTUKLANMA KORKUSUYLA YA\u015eIYORUZ<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ben ve Alman meslekta\u015f\u0131m, birka\u00e7 saat s\u00fcren g\u00f6zalt\u0131 s\u00fcreci sonunda ciddi duygusal travma ya\u015fad\u0131k. Taliban beni yabanc\u0131lar i\u00e7in “casusluk” su\u00e7lamas\u0131yla hapse att\u0131.<\/p>\n

Afganistan’da, Taliban y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131nda giderek daha kat\u0131 hale gelen medya sans\u00fcr\u00fcne, gazetecilere y\u00f6nelik her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn artan \u015fiddet olaylar\u0131 takip ediyor. 22 Temmuz’da Avustralyal\u0131 muhabir Lynne O’Donnell, Taliban istihbarat ajanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan tehdit<\/a> edildi ve Afganistan ziyareti s\u0131ras\u0131nda tan\u0131k oldu\u011fu hikayeleri kendine saklamak zorunda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Tutuklanmamdan sonra da \u00e7e\u015fitli vesilelerle istihbarat taraf\u0131ndan takip edildim. Bir Afgan gazeteci olarak Taliban rejimi alt\u0131nda belirsiz bir gelecekle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yay\u0131m. 6 y\u0131ll\u0131k gazetecilik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m sebebiyle her an Taliban taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nma, tutuklanma korkusuyla ya\u015f\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n

Medya g\u00f6zlemcileri taraf\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz aylarda yay\u0131nlanan bir raporda, Afganistan’\u0131n Taliban taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7mesinden bu yana medya kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 40’\u0131n\u0131n ve gazetecilerinin ise yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 60\u2019\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flerini kaybetti\u011fi do\u011fruland\u0131. Son yirmi y\u0131lda medyan\u0131n her t\u00fcrl\u00fc se\u00e7ene\u011finden yararlanan Afgan vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131k kritik haberlere ve bilgilere eri\u015fimi yok denecek kadar az.<\/p>\n

6 B\u0130N GAZETEC\u0130 \u0130\u015e\u0130N\u0130 KAYBETT\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

Afganistan’\u0131n fiili rejimi alt\u0131nda gazetecilik faaliyetlerine devam etmek art\u0131k zor. Taliban, Afgan gazetecilerin g\u00fcvenlik ve k\u0131zlar\u0131n e\u011fitimi haberlerine yer vermesine kesinlikle izin vermiyor.<\/p>\n

Halbuki Taliban, A\u011fustos 2021’de iktidara yeniden gelmesinin ard\u0131ndan, medyan\u0131n \u00fclke genelinde faaliyet g\u00f6stermesi i\u00e7in \u00f6zg\u00fcr ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olaca\u011f\u0131na dair s\u00f6z vermi\u015fti. Ancak bir ay sonra gazetecileri ve medyay\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131 bir \u015fekilde izleyen ve sans\u00fcrleyen bir dizi yeni kurallar getirildi. K\u0131sa \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc olan medya \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Taliban rejiminin ilk birka\u00e7 haftas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan rafa kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler’e g\u00f6re 2022’de Afganistan’da gazetecilere y\u00f6nelik keyfi tutuklama, k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele, taciz, tehdit ve sindirmeyi i\u00e7eren 200’den fazla ihlal vakas\u0131 kaydedildi.<\/p>\n

Afganistan’da medya \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc daha da k\u00f6t\u00fcye gitti ve gazeteciler, iktidardaki rejim alt\u0131nda moral bozuklu\u011fu ya\u015f\u0131yor. Bir\u00e7ok muhabir, \u00fclke genelindeki Taliban yetkililerinin bilinmesini istemedikleri hassas konulara tan\u0131k olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in tutukland\u0131, zul\u00fcm g\u00f6rd\u00fc ve \u00f6l\u00fcmle tehdit edildi.<\/p>\n

Taliban’\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, hayatta kalmak i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele eden medya \u00fczerinde y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 bir etki yapt\u0131. Haber ajanslar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00f6nemli say\u0131da radyo ve televizyon kanal\u0131 kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kapatmak zorunda kald\u0131. Tahminlere g\u00f6re 6 binden fazla gazeteci bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te i\u015fini kaybetti.<\/p>\n

KADIN GAZETEC\u0130LER YA EVE KAPANDI YA DA YURT DI\u015eINDA <\/strong><\/p>\n

Hepsinden k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc, Afgan kad\u0131n gazeteciler, hem gazeteci hem de kad\u0131n olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in daha fazla bask\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyorlar. Taliban y\u00f6netiminin kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00fcniversiteye gitmelerini, h\u00fck\u00fcmet veya sivil toplum yard\u0131m kurulu\u015flar\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 ve halka a\u00e7\u0131k yerlerde g\u00f6r\u00fcnmelerini k\u0131s\u0131tlayan kurallar\u0131 ilan etmesi, kad\u0131n gazetecilerin konumunu da de\u011fi\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n

Kabil’deki ABD destekli h\u00fck\u00fcmetin en b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131ndan birinin medya \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc oldu\u011fu Afganistan’da yirmi y\u0131ld\u0131r s\u00fcren \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan, kad\u0131n Afgan gazetecilerin en b\u00fcy\u00fck kabusu olan “eve kapanma” Taliban sonras\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Taliban’\u0131n geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle bir\u00e7ok gazeteci yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na gitti. Di\u011ferleri de Afgan polisi ve Taliban \u0130stihbarat\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6z alt\u0131na al\u0131narak sorguland\u0131 veya tutukland\u0131.<\/p>\n

KADINLAR MEDYA D\u00dcNYASINDA YOK<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131l Afgan gazetecili\u011fine yap\u0131lan k\u0131y\u0131mda en \u00e7ok kad\u0131nlar ac\u0131 \u00e7ekti ve kad\u0131nlar Afganistan’\u0131n 34 eyaletinin 11’inde medya d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndan tamamen el \u00e7ektirildi.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fkentin d\u00fc\u015fmesinden bir y\u0131l sonra, kad\u0131n gazetecilerin y\u00fczde 76,19’u art\u0131k \u00fclkede \u00e7al\u0131\u015fam\u0131yor. \u201cToplumun de\u011ferlerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 ahlaks\u0131z davran\u0131\u015f\u201d su\u00e7lamalar\u0131yla kad\u0131n gazetecileri taciz etmek ve eve kapatmak i\u00e7in yayg\u0131n bir bahane olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Afganistan’\u0131n yeni \u0130slam Emirli\u011fi’nin resmi s\u00f6ylemindeki bu gelenek\u00e7i d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, kad\u0131n TV sunucular\u0131n\u0131n kameradayken y\u00fczlerini \u00f6rtmelerinin istenmesiyle sonu\u00e7land\u0131.<\/p>\n

BASINA D\u0130N BAHANES\u0130YLE SANS\u00dcR <\/strong><\/p>\n

Taliban y\u00fcksek lideri Molla Haybatullah Ahundzada, 22 Temmuz 2022’de \u0130slam’da \u2018H\u00fck\u00fcmet yetkililerini delilsiz karalamak ve ele\u015ftirmek\u2019 ve \u2018Yalan haber ve dedikodu yaymak\u2019\u0131n yasak oldu\u011fu ve devlet \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131na iftira atanlar\u0131n fark\u0131nda olmadan d\u00fc\u015fmanla i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ve cezaland\u0131r\u0131lacaklar\u0131 konusunda uyar\u0131da bulunan yeni bir kararname yay\u0131nlad\u0131. \u0130slam Emirli\u011fi’nin en \u00fcst d\u00fczey yetkilisinin bu a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 Afganistan’da bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc bast\u0131rmadaki kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir g\u00f6stergesidir. Bu d\u00fczenlemelerle birlikte sans\u00fcr-otosans\u00fcr ve keyfi tutuklamalar artt\u0131.<\/p>\n

SOHRAB OMAR K\u0130MD\u0130R?\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>Serbest gazeteci ve foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131 Sohrab Omar, Kabil’de d\u00f6rt y\u0131l TRT muhabirli\u011fi yapt\u0131. Omar, ayn\u0131 zamanda SRF (\u0130svi\u00e7re) ve Stern Magazine (Almanya) ile serbest yap\u0131mc\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 2022’den beri ise ZDF’de (Alman Televizyonu) serbest muhabir olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Afganistan’daki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n kalbinden gelen Sohrab, tehlikeli end\u00fcstrilerde zorla istihdam edilen 3 milyon Afgan \u00e7ocuk i\u015f\u00e7inin zorlu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Afgan Gazetecilerin Taliban Esareti Afganistan, mevcut rejimin bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7\u00f6kertmesiyle gazeteciler i\u00e7in giderek daha d\u00fc\u015fmanca bir yer haline geldi. Taliban d\u00f6neminde Afgan gazeteci olmak her zamankinden daha zor. Taliban’\u0131n k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7izgilerinin durdu\u011fu yeri bilmiyoruz. Bir\u00e7ok gazeteci intikam, \u015fiddetli sald\u0131r\u0131lar ve keyfi g\u00f6zalt\u0131lar korkusuyla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 b\u0131rakt\u0131. 5 A\u011fustos 2022’de ben ve Alman meslekta\u015f\u0131m, Afganistan D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’ndan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":32748,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jf_save_progress":"","_jf_limit_responses":"","jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"template":"1","single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"0","layout":"no-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"bottom","share_float_style":"share-normal","show_share_counter":"0","show_view_counter":"0","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"0","show_post_author":"0","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"0","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"0","show_post_reading_time":"0","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","show_zoom_button":"0","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"0","show_prev_next_post":"0","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"2","show_author_box":"0","show_post_related":"1","show_inline_post_related":"1"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"no-crop","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post":"0","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo_enable":"0","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":"","disable_ad":"0"},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":"","hide":""},"jnews_override_counter":{"override_view_counter":"0","view_counter_number":"0","override_share_counter":"0","share_counter_number":"0","override_like_counter":"0","like_counter_number":"0","override_dislike_counter":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"jnews_post_split":{"enable_post_split":"0","post_split":[{"template":"1","tag":"h2","numbering":"asc","mode":"normal","first":"0","enable_toc":"0","toc_type":"normal"}]},"footnotes":""},"categories":[5682,5571,1410],"tags":[6118,162,5462,8097],"class_list":["post-32743","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haber","category-journalist-post","category-manset","tag-afganistan","tag-gazeteci","tag-journalist-post","tag-sohrab-omar"],"yoast_head":"\nAfganistan'da gazetecilik neredeyse bitti - International Journalists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/internationaljournalists.org\/tr\/afganistanda-gazetecilik-neredeyse-bitti\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Afganistan'da gazetecilik neredeyse bitti - International Journalists\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Afgan Gazetecilerin Taliban Esareti Afganistan, mevcut rejimin bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7\u00f6kertmesiyle gazeteciler i\u00e7in giderek daha d\u00fc\u015fmanca bir yer haline geldi. Taliban d\u00f6neminde Afgan gazeteci olmak her zamankinden daha zor. Taliban’\u0131n k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7izgilerinin durdu\u011fu yeri bilmiyoruz. 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