{"id":32550,"date":"2023-05-21T16:53:14","date_gmt":"2023-05-21T14:53:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ijaev.org\/?p=32550"},"modified":"2023-05-21T16:58:55","modified_gmt":"2023-05-21T14:58:55","slug":"vuruldu-kor-oldu-gazeteciligin-bedeli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/internationaljournalists.org\/tr\/vuruldu-kor-oldu-gazeteciligin-bedeli\/","title":{"rendered":"Gazetecili\u011fin riskleri: Vuruldu, k\u00f6r oldu, \u00f6d\u00fcl ald\u0131!"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"Alex Silveira’n\u0131n kavgas\u0131, 18 May\u0131s 2000’de, Agora S\u00e3o Paulo gazetesinin muhabiri olarak bir \u00f6\u011fretmen g\u00f6sterisini takip etmeye gitti\u011finde ba\u015flad\u0131. O g\u00fcn eyalet h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, g\u00f6stericileri da\u011f\u0131tmak i\u00e7in Askeri Polis\u2019in s\u00fcvarileri g\u00f6stericilerin aras\u0131na dald\u0131. Askeri Polis ile yakla\u015f\u0131k 20.000 memur aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmada, olay\u0131 di\u011fer gazetecilerle belgeleyen Alex, bir gaz bombas\u0131n\u0131n patlamas\u0131yla irkildi, kimin vurdu\u011funu g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in geriye bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, y\u00fcz\u00fcne ate\u015f edildi. Sald\u0131r\u0131, foto muhabirinin sol g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc ald\u0131. Sa\u011f g\u00f6z\u00fc ise do\u011fu\u015ftan gelen bir sorun nedeniyle % 10 g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. Art\u0131k foto muhabiri olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015famayan Alex, S\u00e3o Paulo Eyaletine kar\u015f\u0131 adli bir sava\u015f ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

LS: 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda, S\u00e3o Paulo Adalet Divan\u0131’n\u0131n (Tribunal de Justi\u00e7a de S\u00e3o Paulo – TJSP) ilk \u00f6rne\u011fi, devleti maddi zararlar\u0131 g\u00f6rmezden gelerek verdi\u011fi manevi zarardan dolay\u0131 k\u0131nad\u0131. 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda mahkeme, yaralanman\u0131zdan yaln\u0131zca sizi hatal\u0131 bulan karar\u0131 bozdu; TJSP’deki davan\u0131n raport\u00f6r\u00fc Abreu Amadei, \u201cFailin g\u00f6z\u00fcnden vuruldu\u011fu i\u00e7in su\u00e7lanacak tek ki\u015fi oldu\u011funu iddia etti.\u201d dedi. Nihayet, Haziran 2021’de, Federal Y\u00fcksek Mahkeme, devleti sizi tazmin etmeye yeniden mahkum etti. 22 y\u0131l devletle sava\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra ne hissediyorsunuz? <\/strong><\/p>\n

AS: Bu cehennemden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131m i\u00e7in bir rahatlama hissediyorum. Sanki 22 y\u0131l sonra biri gelip \u00fczerimdeki y\u00fck\u00fc kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015f gibi hissediyorum. Beni en mutlu eden \u015fey, bu durumun mesle\u011fe en b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131yd\u0131, be\u011fenin ya da be\u011fenmeyin, davam en az\u0131ndan Brezilya ba\u011flam\u0131nda bir yenilik ortaya koydu. Bu beni \u00e7ok mutlu ediyor, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc art\u0131k benzer bir durum tekrarland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda failin benim kadar beklemesi gerekmeyece\u011fini ve durumlar\u0131n\u0131n tek seferde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclebilece\u011fini biliyorum. Bug\u00fcn mesle\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 toplumsal g\u00f6revimin yerine getirildi\u011fini hissediyorum.<\/p>\n

POL\u0130S ZARAR VER\u0130R, KATLEDEN ADALETT\u0130R <\/strong><\/p>\n

LS: De\u011ferlerin g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmesi i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurdu\u011funuz ve ilk \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu tazminat \u00f6demelerinizi (maddi hasar i\u00e7in) ald\u0131n\u0131z; yine de kaza tarihinden bu yana geriye d\u00f6n\u00fck olan\u0131 ve ayr\u0131ca STF taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen fiziksel ve ahlaki zararlar\u0131n tazminat\u0131n\u0131 da alman\u0131z gerekir. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak Brezilya adaleti hakk\u0131nda ne s\u00f6yleyeceksiniz?<\/strong><\/p>\n

AS: Polis zarar verir, ancak katleden Brezilya adaletidir. Adaletin incelikleri, yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f \u015fekli, gecikmesi, bunlar\u0131n hepsi sa\u00e7ma bir merhametsizlikle yap\u0131l\u0131r. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsene, bir foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc kaybetmesi nas\u0131l bir \u015fey? “Bana \u00f6deyecekleri tazminat\u0131 duydum. Bir saniye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn, 52 ya\u015f\u0131nday\u0131m, hayat\u0131m\u0131n % 40\u2019\u0131! \u0130stedi\u011fim her \u015feyi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 ve tatmin oldu\u011fumu varsayarsak, bunun bir tazminat olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebilirim. Dostum, okulda zorluk \u00e7ekiyorum, tahtay\u0131 g\u00f6remiyorum, defterlerimin \u00fczerine e\u011fildi\u011fim i\u00e7in s\u0131rt\u0131m a\u011fr\u0131yor. \u0130nsanlar\u0131 bir metre \u00f6teden g\u00f6rm\u00fcyorum, sadece \u015fekilleri, g\u00f6lgeleri ve \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyorum; daha fazla netlik yok. Yani, bunu fiyatland\u0131rman\u0131n bir yolu yok, adaletin belirledi\u011fi hi\u00e7bir miktar tazminat olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lamaz ve bundan daha k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc, 22 y\u0131ll\u0131k gecikmeyi \u00f6demenin, vermenin bir yolu var m\u0131? – Ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m ya da hala almam gereken \u015fey, bana yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201c\u00e7er \u00e7\u00f6p\u201d, ama sahip olabilece\u011fim ve adaletin belirledi\u011fi \u015fey bu. Ba\u015f\u0131ma gelenlerin bedeli ya da tazminat\u0131 yok.<\/p>\n

LS: Sizin olaydan bu yana, polisin ve devletin protestoculara ve medya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bi\u00e7iminde bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik oldu mu?<\/strong><\/p>\n

AS: Hi\u00e7bir \u015fey de\u011fi\u015fmedi! Hi\u00e7bir \u015fey! Bu y\u00fczden tazminat\u0131n devlet i\u00e7in ac\u0131 verici olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. 22 y\u0131l \u00f6nce bu benim ba\u015f\u0131ma gelenler, sonra S\u00e9rgio Silva’n\u0131n, bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce Pernambuco’dan herhangi bir tezah\u00fcre bile kat\u0131lmayan iki ki\u015fi de dahil olmak \u00fczere ba\u015fka bir grubun da ba\u015f\u0131na geldi. Yakla\u015f\u0131m de\u011fi\u015fmedi, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc sistem de\u011fi\u015fmedi, bu y\u00fczden “para cezas\u0131” gelmeli ve \u00f6nemli ve adil olmal\u0131, aksi takdirde hi\u00e7bir \u015fey de\u011fi\u015fmeyecek.<\/p>\n

LS: Daha \u00f6nce, Monitor do Oriente kanal\u0131nda sizinle, (2013 g\u00f6sterilerinde g\u00f6rme yetisini kaybeden) S\u00e9rgio Silva ve (2019’da i\u015fgal alt\u0131ndaki Bat\u0131 \u015eeria’daki bir g\u00f6steride g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc kaybeden Filistinli gazeteci) Muath Armaneh ile bir s\u00f6yle\u015fi yapt\u0131k. Hepiniz ayn\u0131 t\u00fcrden sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n kurbanlar\u0131yd\u0131n\u0131z. Yirmi y\u0131ldan fazla bir s\u00fcre sonra bile davan\u0131z\u0131n di\u011fer davalar\u0131n gidi\u015fat\u0131n\u0131 ve hatta polis yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n gelece\u011fini etkileyebilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor musunuz?<\/strong><\/p>\n

AS: Medya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n polis kadar orada \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak, bunun birka\u00e7 nedenden dolay\u0131 sa\u00e7ma oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar, bir sivilin devlet i\u00e7in “halta” de\u011fmeyece\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor. – Bas\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 kolayd\u0131r, bir foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00fcne ate\u015f etmek, g\u00f6zle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir ki\u015fi oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, bu bana intikam gibi geliyor! – “Yani burada ne yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 kay\u0131t m\u0131 ediyorsun?” diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f olmal\u0131lar, kelimeler bunlar m\u0131 bilmiyorum ama bana \u00f6yle geliyor. Bu y\u00fczden her zaman sava\u015ft\u0131m ve t\u00fcm inat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131mla nihai sonu\u00e7lara gittim, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc “para cezas\u0131n\u0131n” polise gazetecilere, \u00f6\u011fretmenlere, \u00f6\u011frencilere ate\u015f etme yetkisi vermeden \u00f6nce yukar\u0131dan veya G\u00fcvenlik Bakan\u0131\u2019ndan veya Vali\u2019den emir gelse bile Devleti d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcren bir “engel” olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Burada silahlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bile sorgulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131, kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen teknik normlara uygun olarak kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7in teknik ve psikolojik haz\u0131rl\u0131k eksikli\u011fini sorgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 unutmay\u0131n; ve elbette, bu su\u00e7lar i\u015flendi\u011finde ya\u015fanan cezas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2026<\/p>\n

S\u0130YASETE KUTSALLIK MUAMELES\u0130 BIRAKILMALI <\/strong><\/p>\n

LS: Brezilya’da bu t\u00fcr sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fimizden sadece karanl\u0131k izler olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in neyin de\u011fi\u015fmesi gerekiyor?<\/strong><\/p>\n

AS: Brezilya’da bir\u00e7ok \u015feyin de\u011fi\u015fmesi gerekiyor, bunlardan biri siyasete kutsall\u0131k muamelesini b\u0131rakmak! Onlar\u0131n sadece \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmeliyiz. Art\u0131k sokaklarda askeri m\u00fcdahale isteyen insanlar oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in se\u00e7im istedikleri gibi gitmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in kimse bu konuda \u201chalt\u201d yapmad\u0131! “\u0130nsanlar bunun y\u00fcz\u00fcnden krizleri ge\u00e7irdi. \u015eimdi, \u00f6\u011fretmenler haklar\u0131n\u0131 talep etmek i\u00e7in bir araya geldiklerinde, t\u00fcm bunlar oluyor! Bunun bir k\u0131sm\u0131 bizim hatam\u0131z, bunun olmas\u0131na izin vermemiz\u2026<\/p>\n

LS: Biz Brezilyal\u0131lar, son se\u00e7imlerin getirdi\u011fi ideolojik de\u011fi\u015fiklikle bile, silahlar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak gibi ge\u00e7mi\u015f y\u00f6netimden gelen sorunlar\u0131 miras ald\u0131k. \u201c\u00d6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl olmayan\u201d olarak kabul edilen m\u00fchimmatla vurulduktan sonra k\u00f6r olan siz bu konuda ne s\u00f6yleyeceksiniz?<\/strong><\/p>\n

AS: Tamamen kar\u015f\u0131y\u0131m! \u015eiddetin h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir toplumda ya\u015f\u0131yoruz. Sokakta birinin y\u00fcz\u00fcne silah dayayarak y\u00fcr\u00fcyen \u015fu \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131n kad\u0131na (Carla Zambelli) bak\u0131n ve hala adam\u0131n siyah oldu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011fi var, ben olsayd\u0131m ya da sen olsayd\u0131n bunu yapmazd\u0131. Sadece bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn! Roberto Jefferson’a bak\u0131n, adam evde mahsur kalm\u0131\u015f ve Federal Polise ate\u015f etmi\u015f, o adam\u0131n t\u00fcfe\u011fi ve el bombas\u0131 vard\u0131 ve onu federal polise kar\u015f\u0131 kulland\u0131! \u0130\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z toplum bu, silahl\u0131 \u015fiddet istatistiklerinin bamba\u015fka oldu\u011fu Kanada’da ya\u015fam\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

LS: Yollar\u0131 kapatan ve \u015fimdi bir\u00e7ok \u015fehirde k\u0131\u015flalar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde kamp kuran Bolsonarist protestoculardan bahsettiniz. Polisin ve devletin bu g\u00f6stericilere yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l de\u011ferlendiriyorsunuz?<\/strong><\/p>\n

AS: Dostum, barbek\u00fc partisine kat\u0131lmak ve bu insanlara hi\u00e7bir \u015fey olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmak i\u00e7in oradalar. Bu liderlik, polisin Devlete de\u011fil h\u00fck\u00fcmete ait oldu\u011funu sanma noktas\u0131na gelmi\u015f insanlar var! De\u011ferlerin tersine \u00e7evrilmesine bak\u0131n. Bu tam bir delilik! Lula’ya h\u0131rs\u0131z diyen, kom\u00fcnizmden bahseden baz\u0131lar\u0131 var ama Santa Catarina’da Heil Hitler yapan bir avu\u00e7 “onun bunun \u00e7ocu\u011fu” oldu\u011funu bir saniye durup d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyorlar. Bunu k\u0131nayan meclis \u00fcyesi de “g\u00f6revden al\u0131nma” riski ta\u015f\u0131yor! Brezilya d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck nazifa\u015fist a\u011f\u0131l\u0131 oluyor! – Bu adamlar\u0131n zaten orada oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k, ancak \u00f6rnek olmak i\u00e7in bilgisiz, haz\u0131rl\u0131ks\u0131z ve \u015fa\u015fk\u0131n bir ki\u015fi geldi ve her \u015fey yoku\u015f a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 gitti! Bu, de\u011ferlerin tersine \u00e7evrilmesidir.<\/p>\n

VURULDU\u011eUM, K\u00d6R OLDU\u011eUM \u0130\u00c7\u0130N B\u0130R \u00d6D\u00dcL ALDIM! <\/strong><\/p>\n

LS: Emekli maa\u015f\u0131n\u0131 zaten alman\u0131za ra\u011fmen, tutarlar\u0131 yeniden hesaplamak ve STF taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen tazminat\u0131 almak i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele etmek i\u00e7in hala birka\u00e7 ay\u0131n\u0131z var. Sizce adalet yerini buldu mu?<\/strong><\/p>\n

AS: Bir nevi! 22 Y\u0131l sonra galip geldi\u011fime ve zaferin ayn\u0131 zamanda meslek ve demokrasi i\u00e7in oldu\u011funa inan\u0131yorum ama bunun bitmedi\u011fini unutmamak gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. – \u0130nsan haklar\u0131 i\u00e7in gazetecilik \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc olan Vladmir Herzog \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’n\u00fc ald\u0131m, ancak insanl\u0131k en az\u0131ndan hakl\u0131 olsayd\u0131 bu \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn bile olmamas\u0131 gerekiyordu. Sa\u00e7mal\u0131\u011fa bak\u0131n, 22 y\u0131l boyunca vuruldu\u011fum, k\u00f6r oldu\u011fum ve devletle sava\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m i\u00e7in bir \u00f6d\u00fcl ald\u0131m. Bug\u00fcn, bu davalardan bahsetmek ve her zaman geri d\u00f6nmek, Devlet umudunuzu kaybetmenize ve pes etmenize neden olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri zorlaman\u0131n bir yoludur. Bu nedenle, 22 y\u0131l sonra, yaln\u0131zca meslek s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 i\u00e7in de\u011fil, demokrasimizin savunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in de bu ihlallerden bahsetmekten vazge\u00e7memek \u00f6nemlidir. Bu bak\u0131mdan, \u00e7ok darmada\u011f\u0131n bir \u015fekilde, adalet ancak sa\u011fland\u0131. Umar\u0131m benim davamla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan yenilik, arkada\u015f\u0131m S\u00e9rgio Silva’n\u0131n davas\u0131 gibi ba\u015fkalar\u0131na da fayda sa\u011flayabilir.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Destek i\u00e7in bir g\u00f6z<\/strong>lerini kapatt\u0131lar <\/strong><\/p>\n

Alex Silveira’n\u0131n davas\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli dayan\u0131\u015fma kampanyalar\u0131n\u0131 ve bas\u0131n profesyonellerine y\u00f6nelik \u015fiddeti reddetmeyi harekete ge\u00e7irdi. 2014 Y\u0131l\u0131nda TJSP, Alex’i yaln\u0131zca y\u00fcz\u00fcnden vuruldu\u011fu i\u00e7in su\u00e7lu ilan etti\u011finde, gazeteciler ve foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131lar protesto i\u00e7in birle\u015fti; bir i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc boyunca bir g\u00f6zlerini kapatt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

2021’de Federal Adalet Divan\u0131’na (Supremo Tribunal Federal – STF) 400’den fazla ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan imzalanan ve davan\u0131n temel haklar\u0131n g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131ndaki \u00f6nemini vurgulayan bir mektup g\u00f6nderildi. Aralar\u0131nda Sebasti\u00e3o Salgado, Mauricio Lima, Lalo de Almeida, Vitor Moriyana, Araqu\u00e9m Alc\u00e2ntara, Jorge Araujo ve Rosa Gauditano gibi \u00f6d\u00fcll\u00fc ki\u015filerin de bulundu\u011fu gazeteciler, sanat\u00e7\u0131lar, sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ve foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan imzalanan ortak mektup ayr\u0131ca g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin g\u00f6steriler s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki rol\u00fcne dikkat \u00e7ekiyor ve STF’den Alex Silveira davas\u0131ndaki adaletsizlikleri d\u00fczeltmesini istiyor.<\/p>\n

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Alex Silveira’n\u0131n kavgas\u0131, 18 May\u0131s 2000’de, Agora S\u00e3o Paulo gazetesinin muhabiri olarak bir \u00f6\u011fretmen g\u00f6sterisini takip etmeye gitti\u011finde ba\u015flad\u0131. O g\u00fcn eyalet h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, g\u00f6stericileri da\u011f\u0131tmak i\u00e7in Askeri Polis\u2019in s\u00fcvarileri g\u00f6stericilerin aras\u0131na dald\u0131. 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