{"id":27474,"date":"2022-09-27T13:22:02","date_gmt":"2022-09-27T11:22:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ijaev.org\/?p=27474"},"modified":"2022-09-27T13:22:06","modified_gmt":"2022-09-27T11:22:06","slug":"hindistanda-basin-ozgurlugu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/internationaljournalists.org\/tr\/hindistanda-basin-ozgurlugu\/","title":{"rendered":"Hindistan\u2019da bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Hindistan, 75 y\u0131ll\u0131k tarihinde demokratik bir cumhuriyet olarak yere g\u00f6\u011fe s\u0131\u011fd\u0131ramad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anayasas\u0131ndaki \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere hen\u00fcz tam olarak ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f de\u011fil.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Hindistan, Bat\u0131n\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu demokrasiyi hi\u00e7bir zaman elde edememi\u015f olsa da, 1947\u2019de \u0130ngiltere\u2019den ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanmas\u0131ndan bug\u00fcne sorunlu ama her zaman i\u015fleyen bir demokrasiye sahip olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u00f6zg\u00fcr ve adil se\u00e7imler yapabilmesi, laikli\u011fi anayasal bir de\u011fer olarak benimsemesi, etkin bir \u015fekilde i\u015fleyen bir ulusal parlamento ve di\u011fer devlet kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 kurmu\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Hindistan\u2019dan \u00f6vg\u00fc ile bahsedilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0131pk\u0131 di\u011fer t\u00fcm demokratik d\u00fczenlerde oldu\u011fu gibi, medya, Hindistan\u2019\u0131n kurucu babalar\u0131, Jawaharlal Nehru ve Mahatma Gandhi gibi vizyonerler taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen y\u00fcksek standartlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamaya y\u00f6nelik kolektif \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda son derece kritik bir rol \u00fcstlenmi\u015ftir. Eski Ba\u015fbakan Indira Gandhi\u2019nin, 1975 ve 1977 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda 21 ay ilan etti\u011fi Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc hal d\u00f6neminde de a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, \u00fclkede demokrasinin bocalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanlar oldu. Ve medya, Bharatiya Janata Partisi (BJP) \u00fcyesi olan deneyimli politikac\u0131 Lal Krishna Advani\u2019nin, \u201cSadece boyun e\u011fmeleri istenmi\u015fti, oysa onlar s\u00fcr\u00fcnmeyi tercih etti\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcne \u00f6rnek olacak bi\u00e7imde hareket ediyordu. Ancak tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z bir bi\u00e7imde ifade edilebilir ki, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc medyan\u0131n durumu, Indira Gandhi\u2019nin Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc hal d\u00f6neminden \u00e7ok daha k\u00f6t\u00fc bir durumda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aradan ge\u00e7en y\u0131llara ra\u011fmen Hindistan medyas\u0131, iktidara gelen t\u00fcm partilerin k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131 nedeniyle \u00e7ok ac\u0131lar \u00e7ekti. Medyan\u0131n \u015fu an bulundu\u011fu durum olduk\u00e7a kayg\u0131 verici.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hindistan\u2019daki pek \u00e7ok ki\u015fi, Ba\u015fbakan Narendra Modi\u2019nin y\u00f6netimindeki Hindu milliyet\u00e7isi BJP h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin \u00fclkeyi \u201cilan edilmemi\u015f OHAL\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlanan bir y\u00f6netimle idare etti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor. 2014 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri iktidarda olan Modi\u2019nin medya kurulu\u015flar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131s\u0131, di\u011fer t\u00fcm kurumlarda otoritesini ispat etmek istedi\u011fi gibi giderek s\u0131k\u0131la\u015f\u0131yor. Hindistan\u2019\u0131n D\u00fcnya Bas\u0131n \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Endeksi\u2019ndeki s\u0131ralamas\u0131, 2019 genel se\u00e7imlerinde \u00fcst \u00fcste ikinci d\u00f6nem zaferini kazanan Modi h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin ard\u0131ndan 2020\u2019de 142. s\u0131raya geriledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hindistan Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 olarak Modi, 2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda bat\u0131daki Gujarat eyaletinin siyasi lideri olarak 1000\u2019den fazla M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u2019\u0131n kendi y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131nda tecav\u00fcze u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc korkun\u00e7 \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcnl\u00fck M\u00fcsl\u00fcman katliam\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda yapamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u015fu anda ba\u015far\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriyor. Uluslararas\u0131 bir medya kurulu\u015fuyla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 r\u00f6portajda Modi t\u00fcyler \u00fcrpertici bir itirafta bulunuyor. En b\u00fcy\u00fck pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ne oldu\u011fu so- rusuna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Modi, \u201cMedyay\u0131 y\u00f6netememesi\u201d cevab\u0131n\u0131 veriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hint televizyon haber kanallar\u0131n\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011fu, iktidar partisi politikac\u0131lar\u0131 ve h\u00fck\u00fcmet yanl\u0131s\u0131 \u015firketlerine ekranlar\u0131nda daha fazla yer verdik\u00e7e, sosyal medyan\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra tart\u0131\u015fma programlar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla h\u00fck\u00fcmet propagandas\u0131nda kilit rol oynad\u0131k\u00e7a, ekrandaki pop\u00fcler y\u00fczlerin parti propagandac\u0131lar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmemesi i\u015ften bile de\u011fil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu t\u00fcr e\u011filimi olanlar\u0131n istifa etmekten ba\u015fka se\u00e7enekleri kalmad\u0131. Bu ilkeli gazetecilerin \u00e7o\u011fu dikkat \u00e7ekici bir \u015fekilde, YouTube platformuna girdi ve \u015fimdi yayg\u0131n olarak izlenen haber programlar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyorlar. T\u00fcm imkans\u0131zl\u0131klara ra\u011fmen, Hindistan\u2019daki ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z gazetecili\u011fin yok edilmesini engelliyorlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00fck\u00fcmetin bask\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k savunmas\u0131z kalan Hint medyas\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck zaaflar\u0131ndan birisi de, y\u0131llard\u0131r gelirlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan reklamlar\u0131 veren kamusal kurumlar\u0131n eline bakmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak, Modi\u2019ye yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile bilinen milyarder Mukesh Ambani\u2019nin Reliance Industries Limited\u2019i giderek daha da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ana ak\u0131m medya say\u0131s\u0131na sahip oldu. Bunun bir sonucu olarak ise Reliance\u2019\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu medya kurulu\u015flar\u0131, iktidardaki BJP partisini destekleyici haberler \u00fcretmeye ve Modi\u2019nin hem en b\u00fcy\u00fck pazarlama yay\u0131n organ\u0131 hem de savunucusu konumuna geldiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte, Hint medyas\u0131 123\u2019ten fazla dilde ve leh\u00e7ede yay\u0131n yapan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00e7e\u015fitli medyalar\u0131ndan biridir, ancak bu \u00e7e\u015fitlilik ne yaz\u0131k ki a\u00e7\u0131k \u015fekilde ortadan kaybolmu\u015ftur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7ok az\u0131 hari\u00e7 t\u00fcm medya kurulu\u015flar\u0131 birka\u00e7 \u015firket taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hindistan, gazeteciler i\u00e7in hem devlet hem de devlet d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki akt\u00f6rler taraf\u0131ndan uygulanan \u015fiddet y\u00f6n\u00fcyle d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en tehlikeli \u00fclkelerinden biri haline gelmi\u015ftir. S\u0131n\u0131r Tan\u0131mayan Gazetecilere g\u00f6re 2020\u2019de d\u00f6rt gazeteci meslekleri y\u00fcz\u00fcnden \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Ayr\u0131ca, polis ve siyasi \u00e7eteler taraf\u0131ndan sahada g\u00f6rev yapan gazetecilere y\u00f6nelik fiziksel sald\u0131r\u0131lar g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir ger\u00e7ekliktir, bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda gazeteciler s\u00fcrekli olarak tacize maruz kal\u0131p tehdit almaktad\u0131rlar ve bu da NDTV\u2019den Ravish Kumar gibi baz\u0131 \u00f6nde gelen h\u00fck\u00fcmet ele\u015ftirmenlerinin \u00fcst d\u00fczey g\u00fcvenlik korumalar\u0131 olmadan soka\u011fa bile \u00e7\u0131kamamas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r.Hindistan, 75 y\u0131ll\u0131k tarihinde demokratik bir cumhuriyet olarak yere g\u00f6\u011fe s\u0131\u011fd\u0131ramad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anayasas\u0131ndaki \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere hen\u00fcz tam olarak ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f de\u011fil. Ancak iktidardaki BJP ve onun ideolojik ustas\u0131 Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh\u2019\u0131n (RSS) bu anayasay\u0131 kabul etmedikleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de dahil olmak \u00fczere anayasal \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131nda ac\u0131mas\u0131z davranmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hindistan, 75 y\u0131ll\u0131k tarihinde demokratik bir cumhuriyet olarak yere g\u00f6\u011fe s\u0131\u011fd\u0131ramad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anayasas\u0131ndaki \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere hen\u00fcz tam olarak ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f de\u011fil. Hindistan, Bat\u0131n\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu demokrasiyi hi\u00e7bir zaman elde edememi\u015f olsa da, 1947\u2019de \u0130ngiltere\u2019den ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanmas\u0131ndan bug\u00fcne sorunlu ama her zaman i\u015fleyen bir demokrasiye sahip olmu\u015ftur. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u00f6zg\u00fcr ve adil se\u00e7imler yapabilmesi, laikli\u011fi anayasal bir de\u011fer olarak […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":27350,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jf_save_progress":"","_jf_limit_responses":"","jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"","format":"standard","video":"","gallery":"","source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"template":"1","single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"0","layout":"no-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"bottom","share_float_style":"share-normal","show_share_counter":"0","show_view_counter":"0","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"0","show_post_author":"0","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"0","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"0","show_post_reading_time":"0","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","show_zoom_button":"0","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"0","show_prev_next_post":"0","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"2","show_author_box":"0","show_post_related":"1","show_inline_post_related":"1"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"no-crop","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post":"0","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo_enable":"0","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":"","disable_ad":"0"},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":""},"jnews_override_counter":{"override_view_counter":"0","view_counter_number":"0","override_share_counter":"0","share_counter_number":"0","override_like_counter":"0","like_counter_number":"0","override_dislike_counter":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"jnews_post_split":{"enable_post_split":"0","post_split":[{"template":"1","tag":"h2","numbering":"asc","mode":"normal","first":"0","enable_toc":"0","toc_type":"normal"}]},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1411],"tags":[7061,7060,7064,7062,7063],"class_list":["post-27474","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yazarlar","tag-bjp-2","tag-hindistan-basin-ozgurlugu","tag-m-behzad-fatmi-2","tag-ndtv-2","tag-rss-2"],"yoast_head":"\nHindistan\u2019da bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc - International Journalists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/internationaljournalists.org\/tr\/hindistanda-basin-ozgurlugu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hindistan\u2019da bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc - International Journalists\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hindistan, 75 y\u0131ll\u0131k tarihinde demokratik bir cumhuriyet olarak yere g\u00f6\u011fe s\u0131\u011fd\u0131ramad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anayasas\u0131ndaki \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere hen\u00fcz tam olarak ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f de\u011fil. 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