{"id":27432,"date":"2022-09-27T11:24:49","date_gmt":"2022-09-27T09:24:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ijaev.org\/?p=27432"},"modified":"2022-09-27T11:24:53","modified_gmt":"2022-09-27T09:24:53","slug":"basin-ozgurlugunu-savunmaliyiz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/internationaljournalists.org\/tr\/basin-ozgurlugunu-savunmaliyiz\/","title":{"rendered":"Bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc savunmal\u0131y\u0131z"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Media Freedom Rapid Response\u2019un haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 2021 raporunda, Almanya\u2019da bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik 119 sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi belirtiliyor. Bu sald\u0131r\u0131lardan 223 ki\u015fi etkilenmi\u015ftir. Alman h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, gazetecilere y\u00f6nelik g\u00fcvenlik tedbirlerini bir an \u00f6nce somut \u015fekilde hayata ge\u00e7irmelidir.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Almanya\u2019da neredeyse tam iki senedir halk, temel haklar\u0131n kanun d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir \u015fekilde k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fckleri i\u00e7in d\u00fczenli olarak protesto g\u00f6sterileri yap\u0131yor. Ancak bu g\u00f6sterileri asl\u0131nda Alman anayasas\u0131n\u0131n 5. maddesi taraf\u0131ndan korunan bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc engelleyerek ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriyorlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Medya \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in H\u0131zl\u0131 Tepki (MFRR) projesi kapsam\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanan 2021 raporunda, Almanya\u2019da bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik 119 sald\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sald\u0131r\u0131lardan 223 gazeteci etkilenmi\u015ftir. Rapor, 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda 72 olay\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi Almanya\u2019da ge\u00e7en sene medya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n ne kadar fazla oldu\u011funu ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gazetecilere y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lar, fiziksel, internet ortam\u0131nda nefret dolu i\u00e7erikler payla\u015fma ve y\u0131ld\u0131rma politikas\u0131 olarak s\u0131ralanabilir. Fakat ya\u015fanan olaylar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131, Pandemi d\u00f6neminde Korona kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n protestolar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda Almanya\u2019n\u0131n Flensburg \u015fehrindeki g\u00f6steri s\u0131ras\u0131nda serbest bir foto muhabirine biber gaz\u0131yla sald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Yine M\u00fcnih\u2019te serbest olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir foto muhabiri protestolar esnas\u0131nda polisin coplu sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na u\u011frad\u0131. Saksonya eyaletinde Korona a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n protestolar\u0131nda 3 gazeteci bir grup holigan taraf\u0131ndan sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011frayarak d\u00f6v\u00fcld\u00fc. Berlin\u2019de yine izinsiz ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen Korona kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 g\u00f6steride \u2018Division Mol\u2019 isimli Neo-Nazi grubu taraf\u0131ndan 2 gazeteci yerlerde tekmelenerek yaraland\u0131. Serbest olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ba\u015fka bir gazeteci iki g\u00fcn ara ile \u00f6nce Berlin\u2019de, sonra M\u00fcnih\u2019te g\u00f6stericilerin sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 sonucu y\u00fcz\u00fcne darbeler ald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Serbest bir foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131 MFRR\u2019ye verdi\u011fi demecinde, \u201cKorona protestolar\u0131nda sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011framad\u0131\u011f\u0131m tek bir olay yok\u201d demi\u015ftir. Th\u00fcringen\u2019de serbest gazeteci olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir meslekta\u015f\u0131m\u0131z ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmede, \u201cBa\u015ftan beri t\u00fcm Korona kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 protestolar\u0131 inceliyorum. Olaylar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc alt\u0131na alarak, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sa\u011fc\u0131 gruplarla ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yorum. Birka\u00e7 ay \u00f6nce yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 benim a\u00e7\u0131mdan tehlikeli boyutlara ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek pe\u015fini b\u0131rakmak zorunda kald\u0131m\u201d demi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir y\u0131l \u00f6nce korktu\u011fumuz \u015fey \u015fimdi ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131za geldi. Bas\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131, Korona kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 g\u00f6sterilerde her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn artan sald\u0131r\u0131lar ve g\u00fcvenlik sebebiyle g\u00f6rev almaktan art\u0131k ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131yorlar. Ya\u015fanan bu olaylar ile kamuoyunun alg\u0131s\u0131nda k\u00f6r noktalar belirginle\u015fmeye ba\u015flarken, demokratik de\u011fer ve prensiplerimizin s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fu bir a\u00e7mazla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131k. Koronavir\u00fcs protestolar\u0131 bir ideolojiden de\u011fil, anayasam\u0131zdaki \u00f6zg\u00fcr ve demokrat d\u00fczeni reddeden a\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k yanl\u0131s\u0131 gruplardan beslenmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bas\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 bu konular\u0131 kamuoyunun duymas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamal\u0131, sivil toplum ve siyasetin bu gruplara kar\u015f\u0131 kendilerini m\u00fcdafaa edebilmeleri i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7melidir. Bu y\u00fczden bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc savunmak zorunday\u0131z, ama nas\u0131l?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Korona protestolar\u0131n\u0131 takip etmek i\u00e7in olay yerine gidip yay\u0131n yapmaktan korkan, ancak i\u015fvereni taraf\u0131ndan habere gitmeye zorlanan muhabirlerin yard\u0131m talepleri ver.di\u00b4ye ba\u011fl\u0131 DJU\u00b4ya ula\u015ft\u0131. Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131l\u0131n Nisan ay\u0131nda S\u0131n\u0131r Tan\u0131mayan Gazeteciler, Yeni Alman Medya Yap\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 ve Sa\u011fc\u0131, Irk\u00e7\u0131 ve Yahudi aleyhtar\u0131 \u015eiddet ma\u011fdurlar\u0131 Dan\u0131\u015fma Derne\u011fi (VBRG) ile bas\u0131n kurulu\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7in ortak g\u00fcvenlik kurallar\u0131 olu\u015fturmam\u0131z\u0131n sebeplerinden biri de bu yard\u0131m \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu yeni g\u00fcvenlik kurallar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde Frankfurter Rundschau, DPA, Zeit ve Zeit Online, TAZ ve Spiegel gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck medya kurulu\u015flar\u0131 bu kurallar\u0131 uygulayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 beyan etmi\u015flerdir. Ayr\u0131ca S\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung\u00b4un da alt\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu S\u00fcdwestdeutsche Medya Holding, Funke Medya Grubu ve ilk b\u00f6lgesel gazete olan Weser-Kurier da bu kervana daha sonra kat\u0131ld\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcvenlik kurallar\u0131n\u0131 uygulayan medya kurulu\u015flar\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131na ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen sald\u0131r\u0131 ve tehdit hallerinde desteklenmektedirler. Protestolarda yay\u0131n yapmaktan \u00e7ekinen gazetecilere, i\u015fverenleri taraf\u0131ndan ki\u015fisel koruma tahsis edilmekte ve sald\u0131r\u0131 halinde psikolojik destek sa\u011flanmak- tad\u0131r. Bas\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n adreslerinin art niyetli \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131n ellerine ge\u00e7mesi durumunda, ta\u015f\u0131nma s\u00fcrecine finansal olarak destek sa\u011flanmas\u0131 da bu g\u00fcvenlik kurallar\u0131na dahildir. Ayr\u0131ca bas\u0131n kurulu\u015flar\u0131, nefret s\u00f6ylemine maruz kalan gazetecilerin durumlar\u0131n\u0131 ele almakta, su\u00e7 te\u015fkil edip etmedi\u011fini incelemekte ve gerekirse gazeteciler ad\u0131na \u015fikayet\u00e7i olmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc sadece protestolarda de\u011fil, internet ortam\u0131nda ya\u015fanan bu sald\u0131r\u0131lar b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Protestolarda gazetecilere kar\u015f\u0131 korkusuzca ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen sald\u0131r\u0131lar, Almanya\u2019da g\u00fcnden g\u00fcne artan bas\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir g\u00f6stergesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu konu kesinlikle politik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken toplumsal bir yarad\u0131r. Almanya\u2019daki yeni h\u00fck\u00fcmetin koalisyon anla\u015fmas\u0131nda belirtti\u011fi \u201cgazetecilere y\u00f6nelik g\u00fcvenlik tedbirlerini\u201d bir an \u00f6nce somut \u015fekilde hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi gerekmektedir. \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, polis te\u015fkilat\u0131, gazeteci \u00f6rg\u00fctleri ve savc\u0131lardan olu\u015fan bir yuvarlak masa toplant\u0131s\u0131 sorunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in iyi bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 olabilir. \u00d6nemli olan \u00e7ok ge\u00e7 olmadan harekete ge\u00e7mektir. Robert Koch Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (RKI) y\u00f6neticisi Lothar Wieler\u2019in ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz sonbahar ay\u0131nda Pandemi i\u00e7in talep etti\u011fi eylemler, bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MONIQUE HOFMANN<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n