{"id":23529,"date":"2021-12-30T14:34:01","date_gmt":"2021-12-30T13:34:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ijaev.org\/?p=23529"},"modified":"2021-12-30T14:34:04","modified_gmt":"2021-12-30T13:34:04","slug":"2021-yilinda-45-gazeteci-meslegi-nedeniyle-olduruldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/internationaljournalists.org\/tr\/2021-yilinda-45-gazeteci-meslegi-nedeniyle-olduruldu\/","title":{"rendered":"2021 Y\u0131l\u0131nda 45 Gazeteci, Mesle\u011fi Nedeniyle \u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Uluslararas\u0131 Bas\u0131n Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (IPI), d\u00fcnyan\u0131n hemen her yerinde gazeteci cinayetlerinin meydana geldi\u011fini ortaya koyuyor ve gazeteci g\u00fcvenli\u011finin belirli b\u00f6lgelerle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmayan k\u00fcresel bir sorun oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekiyor<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IPI’\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131, 2021’in ba\u015f\u0131ndan bu yana toplam 45 gazetecinin i\u015fleriyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc veya g\u00f6revde hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor. \u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen 45 gazeteciden 40’\u0131 erkek, 5’i kad\u0131n. Toplam 28 ki\u015fi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 nedeniyle hedef al\u0131nd\u0131, 3’\u00fc \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma haberini yaparken, 2’si sivil ayaklanmalar\u0131 haber yaparken, 2’si de g\u00f6revdeyken \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. 11 gazetecinin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ise halen soru\u015fturma alt\u0131nda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IPI\u2019\u0131n \u201ci\u015f nedeniyle hedef al\u0131nanlar” listesinde 1 Mart’ta silahl\u0131 ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan vurulan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z gazeteci Somalili Jamal Farah Adan yer al\u0131yor. Temmuz ay\u0131nda, InfoGuaymas haber sitesinin sahibi Meksikal\u0131 Gazeteci Ricardo Dominguez L\u00f3pez 47. do\u011fum g\u00fcn\u00fcnde bir s\u00fcpermarketin otopark\u0131nda vurularak \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. IPI \u201cBunlar, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki iki d\u00fczineden fazla tiksindirici cinayetten sadece birka\u00e7\u0131\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fclenlerden Bazilari Tehdit Edilmi\u015fti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen gazetecilerden baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmeden \u00f6nce \u00f6l\u00fcm tehditleri de alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Shannaz Roafi, Sadia Sadat ve Mursal Wahidi, televizyon programlar\u0131 yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in a\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k yanl\u0131s\u0131 gruplardan tehditler alan Afganistan’daki ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z radyo ve televizyon istasyonu Enikass i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. K\u00f6rfez \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Merkezi’nden Khalid Ibrahim, IPI’a verdi\u011fi deme\u00e7te, dokuz ayl\u0131k hamileyken bir arabada bombal\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131da \u00f6len Yemenli Gazeteci Rasha Abdullah Al-Harazi’nin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden \u00f6nceki aylarda bir\u00e7ok tehdit ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Filipinler’de 8 Aral\u0131k’ta TV izlerken motosikletli sald\u0131rganlar taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen eski Reuters Gazetecisi Jess Malabanan; 2018’de Ba\u015fkan Duterte’nin uyu\u015fturucu sava\u015f\u0131yla ilgili \u00f6d\u00fcll\u00fc bir Reuters prod\u00fcksiyonunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, cinayetin gazetecilikle ilgili olabilece\u011fine dair \u015f\u00fcpheler var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu y\u0131l silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 haber yapan \u00fc\u00e7 gazeteci de \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Banglade\u015f’te 8 ki\u015finin kur\u015fun yaras\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 siyasi bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 haber yaparken boynundan vurulan Burhan Uddin Mujakker de dahil olmak \u00fczere sivil ayaklanmalar\u0131 haber yapan 2 gazeteci \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Hintli Gazeteci Arindam Das, nehirden bir fili kurtarma g\u00f6revini \u00fcstlenirken bo\u011fuldu. Bu \u00f6l\u00fcmler, gazetecilik mesle\u011finin devam eden tehlikelerini yans\u0131t\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hedefli Cinayetlerde Meksika \u0130lk S\u0131rada<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

IPI, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n hemen her yerinde gazeteci cinayetlerinin meydana geldi\u011fini ortaya koyuyor ve gazeteci g\u00fcvenli\u011finin belirli b\u00f6lgelerle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmayan k\u00fcresel bir sorun oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. Asya ve Pasifik, \u00e7o\u011fu Hindistan (6) ve Afganistan’da (6) meydana gelen 18 cinayetle 2021’de gazeteciler i\u00e7in en \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl b\u00f6lge oldu. 2020’de listenin ba\u015f\u0131nda yer alan Amerika’da 10 cinayet meydana geldi. Meksika’da 7, Kolombiya’da 1, Guatemala’da 1 ve Haiti’de 1 gazeteci \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Avrupa’da 6 gazeteci \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc (2\u2019si Azerbaycan’da, 1\u2019i G\u00fcrcistan’da, 1\u2019i T\u00fcrkiye’de, 1\u2019i Hollanda’da ve 1\u2019i Yunanistan’da). Her 2\u2019si de Yemen’de olmak \u00fczere MENA b\u00f6lgesinde 2 gazeteci \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrken, \u00e7o\u011fu Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti’nde (3), ard\u0131ndan Burkina Faso ve Somali’de (her ikisi de 2) olmak \u00fczere Sahra Alt\u0131 Afrika’da 9 gazeteci \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. 2021’de Meksika’da (7) d\u00fcnyadaki herhangi bir \u00fclkeden daha fazla gazeteci \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. 7 vakan\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc hedefli cinayetlerdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IPI’\u0131n analizine g\u00f6re, yerel siyaseti ve uyu\u015fturucu ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere organize su\u00e7lar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131ran gazeteciler \u00f6zellikle risk alt\u0131nda. Hedeflenen gazetecilerin \u00e7o\u011fu bu veya ilgili konular\u0131 inceliyordu. \u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen gazetecilerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131n\u0131n bir ba\u015fka a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 da cezas\u0131zl\u0131k d\u00fczeyi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meksika’ya g\u00f6re, 7 gazeteci \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sadece 1\u2019inde \u015f\u00fcpheliler tutukland\u0131. Devam eden y\u00fcksek say\u0131daki cinayet, Meksika’n\u0131n gazetecilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in en \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl \u00fclkelerden biri oldu\u011funu do\u011fruluyor. Bu trajik stat\u00fckoya ra\u011fmen, h\u00fck\u00fcmet, \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Savunucular\u0131n\u0131 ve Gazetecileri Koruma Yasas\u0131’n\u0131n (LPPDHP) uygulanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lan fonlar\u0131 durdurmaya karar verdi. Meksika’dan sonra, Afganistan ve Hindistan, en \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl iki \u00fclke. Afganistan’da \u00e7o\u011fu cinayet, bu yaz Taliban’\u0131n \u00fclkeyi ele ge\u00e7irmesinin bir sonucu olarak \u015fiddetli \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmayla meydana geldi. \u00dclkeden ka\u00e7maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken havaalan\u0131nda bomba patlamas\u0131 sonucu hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden 2 gazeteci ise listede yer almad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gazeteciler Haber Yaparken \u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hindistan’da hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden 6 gazeteciden 2\u2019si b\u0131\u00e7aklanarak \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen Chennakesavulu gibi i\u015fleri nedeniyle hedef al\u0131nd\u0131. Gazeteciler g\u00f6revden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan bir polis memuru taraf\u0131ndan, memurun kumar ve t\u00fct\u00fcn ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015febekesine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffettikten sonra \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti’nde, \u00f6zel yay\u0131n kurulu\u015fu Radio T\u00e9l\u00e9 Communautaire Babombi’nin (RTCB) Y\u00f6neticisi Joel Mumbere Musavuli gibi 3 gazeteci \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Burkina Faso’da, deneyimli bir sava\u015f muhabiri olan 43 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki David Beri\u00e1in ve 47 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki kameraman Roberto Fraile, bir korucu devriyesine d\u00fczenlenen sald\u0131r\u0131da \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avrupa\u2019da \u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen Gazeteciler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130spanya’dan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen 2 gazeteci, \u015fiddet eylemleriyle tan\u0131nan b\u00f6lgede ka\u00e7ak avlanmayla m\u00fccadele hakk\u0131nda bir belgesel \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Daha da \u00f6nemlisi, gazetecilerin de bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn nispeten y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu \u00fclkelerde \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, bu risklerin k\u00fcresel oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Gazeteci Peter R. De Vries, bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn en y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu \u00fclkelerden biri olarak kabul edilen Hollanda da, 6 Temmuz 2021’de Amsterdam’\u0131n bir caddesinde g\u00fcpeg\u00fcnd\u00fcz vuruldu. Yunanistan’da, Su\u00e7 Muhabiri Giorgos Karaivaz, Atina’daki evinin \u00f6n\u00fcnde vuruldu. Aral\u0131k 2021 itibariyle, hi\u00e7bir \u015f\u00fcpheli kamuya a\u00e7\u0131klanmad\u0131 ve tutuklama yap\u0131lmad\u0131, soru\u015fturman\u0131n durumu hakk\u0131nda kamuoyuna bilgi verilmedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yetkililer Cinayetlere Kar\u015f\u0131 Tepkisiz<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

IPI’\u0131n analizi, yetkililerin cinayetlere kar\u015f\u0131 endi\u015fe verici derecede yetersiz tepki verdi\u011fini ve gazetecilere kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen su\u00e7larda y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde cezas\u0131zl\u0131kla sonu\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. 28 vakan\u0131n sadece 6\u2019s\u0131nda yerel polisin \u015f\u00fcphelileri tutuklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirildi. IPI, gazeteci cinayetlerine y\u00f6nelik devlet soru\u015fturmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu zaman derinden kusurlu olmas\u0131 nedeniyle bu rakam\u0131n bile ihtiyatla yorumlanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirtti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IPI, tutuklamalar\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir\u00e7ok vakada, ma\u011fdurlar\u0131n aileleri, polisin yanl\u0131\u015f \u015f\u00fcpheliyi tutuklad\u0131\u011f\u0131na veya davay\u0131 \u00f6rtbas etmek i\u00e7in \u015f\u00fcphelileri tutuklad\u0131\u011f\u0131na inand\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirterek, ger\u00e7ek ve kapsaml\u0131 bir soru\u015fturmadan ka\u00e7\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cezas\u0131zl\u0131k, \u015eiddeti Te\u015fvik Ediyor<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnyadaki gazeteci cinayetlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu cezas\u0131z kal\u0131yor, daha fazla \u015fiddeti te\u015fvik ediyor ve her yerde bas\u0131n \u00fczerinde cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir etki yarat\u0131yor. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Washington Post k\u00f6\u015fe yazar\u0131 ve Suudi Veliaht Prensi Muhammed bin Salman’\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ele\u015ftirmeni Cemal Ka\u015f\u0131k\u00e7\u0131, 2 Ekim 2018’de \u0130stanbul’daki Suudi konsoloslu\u011funa girdikten sonra ortadan kayboldu. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re cesedi Riyad’dan g\u00f6nderilen bir suikast\u00e7\u0131lar ekibi taraf\u0131ndan par\u00e7alara ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 hi\u00e7bir zaman bulunamad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Veya 16 Ocak 2019’da Gana’n\u0131n Accra kentinde i\u015ften eve d\u00f6nerken vurularak \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen Ahmed Hussein-Suale. 2018’de Hussein-Suale, D\u00fcnya Kupas\u0131’ndan hemen \u00f6nce Afrika futbolunda yolsuzlu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131karan bir soru\u015fturman\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131. Polis cinayete kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 \u015f\u00fcphesiyle 6 ki\u015fiyi tutuklad\u0131 ancak daha sonra delil yetersizli\u011finden hepsini serbest b\u0131rakt\u0131. Bug\u00fcne kadar, sald\u0131rganlar ve \u00f6ld\u00fcrme emrini veren beyinler tan\u0131mlanamad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Griffen: Devletler Daha Fazlas\u0131n\u0131 Yapmal\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

IPI Direkt\u00f6r Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Scott Griffen, gazeteci cinayetlerinin cezas\u0131z kalmas\u0131n\u0131n, haber ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n her zamankinden daha \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu bir zamanda medyaya y\u00f6nelik \u015fiddeti k\u00f6r\u00fckledi\u011fini belirterek \u015f\u00f6yle dedi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cDevletler gazetecilere y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 yapmal\u0131. Uluslararas\u0131 toplum, bu t\u00fcr cinayetlerde su\u00e7 ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapan Suudi Arabistan gibi rejimlere yapt\u0131r\u0131m uygulamal\u0131. Bas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u015fiddet dalgalar\u0131, gazetecilerin hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 riske atan konulardan ka\u00e7\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yayg\u0131n bir otosans\u00fcre yol a\u00e7abilir. Bu, katillerin hesap vermedi\u011fi bir cezas\u0131zl\u0131k ortam\u0131yla daha da k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fiyor. IPI, 2021’de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen t\u00fcm gazetecilerin aileleri ve meslekta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131ndad\u0131r ve sorumlulardan hesap sorulmas\u0131n\u0131 talep ediyoruz.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“T\u00fcm Gazeteciler \u0130\u015flerini G\u00fcvenli Bir \u015eekilde Yapabilmeli”<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son birka\u00e7 y\u0131lda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen gazetecilerin say\u0131s\u0131nda genel bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. 2011’de 102 cinayet kaydedildi, 2016’da ise 120 oldu. IPI’\u0131n istatistikleri, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 haber yaparken veya g\u00f6revdeyken \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen gazetecileri i\u00e7erdi\u011finden, bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f k\u0131smen d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda birka\u00e7 \u015fiddetli \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n azalmas\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Suriye’deki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma 2016’da 12 gazetecinin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131; bu y\u0131l IPI \u00fclkede herhangi bir vaka kaydetmedi. 2017’de Irak’ta 11 gazeteci cinayeti kaydedildi; bu y\u0131l say\u0131 0\u2019d\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IPI a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na \u015f\u00f6yle devam etti: \u201cGazeteci cinayetlerinin azalmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a olumlu bir geli\u015fme olsa da, bir vaka bile \u00e7ok fazla. Bu y\u0131lki 45 cinayetin tamam\u0131 bir trajedi. T\u00fcm gazeteciler i\u015flerini g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde yapabilmeli. \u00dcstelik gazeteci cinayetlerinin say\u0131s\u0131 tek ba\u015f\u0131na bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn durumu i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenilir bir g\u00f6sterge de\u011fil.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak: Evrensel Gazetesi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Uluslararas\u0131 Bas\u0131n Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (IPI), d\u00fcnyan\u0131n hemen her yerinde gazeteci cinayetlerinin meydana geldi\u011fini ortaya koyuyor ve gazeteci g\u00fcvenli\u011finin belirli b\u00f6lgelerle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmayan k\u00fcresel bir sorun oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekiyor<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":23530,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jf_save_progress":"","_jf_limit_responses":"","jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"","format":"standard","video":"","gallery":"","source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"template":"1","single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"right-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"top","share_float_style":"share-monocrhome","show_share_counter":"1","show_view_counter":"1","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"1","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"1","show_post_reading_time":"0","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","show_zoom_button":"0","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"1","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"0","show_post_related":"0","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post":"0","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored 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