{"id":15399,"date":"2020-05-06T17:54:00","date_gmt":"2020-05-06T17:54:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/internationaljournalists.org\/?p=15399"},"modified":"2020-06-22T07:55:14","modified_gmt":"2020-06-22T07:55:14","slug":"bm-raportoru-tutuklu-gazetecilerin-birakilmasi-sart","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/internationaljournalists.org\/tr\/bm-raportoru-tutuklu-gazetecilerin-birakilmasi-sart\/","title":{"rendered":"BM Raport\u00f6r\u00fc: Tutuklu gazetecilerin b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015fart"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

BM \u0130fade \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00d6zel Raport\u00f6r\u00fc, D\u00fcnya Bas\u0131n \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc G\u00fcn\u00fc’nde h\u00fck\u00fcmeti gazetecilerin serbest kalmas\u0131 i\u00e7in h\u0131zla harekete ge\u00e7meye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Punto24 Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Gazetecilik Derne\u011fi (P24) taraf\u0131ndan her y\u0131l 3 May\u0131s D\u00fcnya Bas\u0131n \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc G\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019nde Mehmet Ali Birand\u2019\u0131n an\u0131s\u0131na d\u00fczenlenen konferanslar\u0131n yedincisi COVID-19 \u00f6nlemleri nedeniyle \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i bir toplant\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130sve\u00e7 \u0130stanbul Konsoloslu\u011fu\u2019nun i\u015fbirli\u011fiyle d\u00fczenlenen toplant\u0131da bu y\u0131l\u0131n Mehmet Ali Birand Konu\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Fikir ve \u0130fade \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00d6zel Raport\u00f6r\u00fc David Kaye yapt\u0131. Toplant\u0131ya \u0130sve\u00e7 D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Ann Linde de bir video mesajla kat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

David Kaye \u201cPatojen mi, bask\u0131 m\u0131?\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 konu\u015fmas\u0131nda, COVID-19 pandemisi ko\u015fullar\u0131nda fikir ve ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z medya ve bilgiye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131 konular\u0131n\u0131 ele ald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaye, T\u00fcrkiye ve di\u011fer \u00fclkelerde cezaevinde tutulan gazetecilerin derhal serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 isterken \u015f\u00f6yle konu\u015ftu: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHi\u00e7bir medya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 i\u015fini yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle cezaevinde olmamal\u0131. Ancak keyf\u00ee ve hukuksuz bi\u00e7imde tutuklanan gazeteciler, \u015fimdi buna ilaveten sa\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131na ve hayatlar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bir risk alt\u0131ndalar. Devletler onlar\u0131n sal\u0131verilmesini insan\u00ee ama\u00e7 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde g\u00f6rs\u00fcn ya da g\u00f6rmesin, devletlerin hapsettikleri b\u00fct\u00fcn gazetecileri serbest b\u0131rakmalar\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r. Gazetecili\u011fi su\u00e7 saymaya devam eden hi\u00e7bir devlet, pandemi esnas\u0131nda insanlar\u0131 hapsetmenin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilave risk s\u00f6z konusuyken, hakaretin yasaklanmas\u0131 ve ter\u00f6rle m\u00fccadele kisvesindeki su\u00e7lamalar da dahil bu t\u00fcr davalar\u0131n pe\u015finde olmamal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAhmet Altan\u2019\u0131n \u00e7ok iyi bildi\u011fi bir mesele\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

David Kaye, 3 May\u0131s 2014\u2019te, Mehmet Ali Birand Konu\u015fmalar\u0131’n\u0131n ilkini yapan Ahmet Altan\u2019\u0131 da and\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmas\u0131nda \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBa\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z medyan\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi bu konferanslar\u0131n ilkini veren Ahmet Altan\u2019\u0131n \u00e7ok iyi bildi\u011fi bir meseledir\u2026 Bug\u00fcn P24\u2019\u00fcn verilerine g\u00f6re 100\u2019den fazla medya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n\u0131n cezaevinde oldu\u011fu T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de gazetecilik \u00fczerindeki devam eden bask\u0131lar sona ermeli. Tutuklananlar gazeteci, aktivist veya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri nedeniyle tutulan muhabirler, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ve di\u011ferleri serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmal\u0131. H\u00fck\u00fcmeti bunu yapmak i\u00e7in h\u0131zla harekete ge\u00e7meye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131yorum.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaye, gazetecilerin maruz kald\u0131klar\u0131 siyasi sald\u0131r\u0131lardan s\u00f6z ederken Suudi Arabistan vatanda\u015f\u0131 gazeteci Cemal Ka\u015f\u0131k\u00e7\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u0130stanbul\u2019da Suudi Arabistan yetkililerince \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc hat\u0131rlatt\u0131 ve \u201cbu cinayetin hesab\u0131 sorulamad\u0131\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konu\u015fmas\u0131nda pandemi ko\u015fullar\u0131nda hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin kullan\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin hukuk\u00ee bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve \u00e7izen Kaye, s\u00f6zlerini \u015f\u00f6yle tamamlad\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne de\u011fer veren, sa\u011flam ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir medyaya de\u011fer veren herkesi, bilgi ve haber alma hakk\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 korumak konusunda t\u0131pk\u0131 P24 gibi tetikte olmaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131yorum. H\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin bu krizi kendi g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc geni\u015fletmek i\u00e7in kullanma \u00e7abas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 tetikte olmal\u0131y\u0131z. Ciddi bir halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tehdidiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011fumuz \u015fu g\u00fcnlerde, kendi otosans\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcze kar\u015f\u0131 da tetikte olmal\u0131y\u0131z. Ve ister T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ister d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ba\u015fka bir yerinde olsunlar hapisteki gazetecilerin serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz savunuculukta da tetikte olmal\u0131, h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini yerine getirmelerini ve bu patojeni yeni bir bask\u0131 arac\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmemelerini talep etmeliyiz.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ann Linde: \u201cMedya \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc iyi i\u015fleyen bir toplumun temelidir\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130sve\u00e7 D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Ann Linde de, toplant\u0131ya g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi mesaj\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde \u015fu ifadeleri kulland\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cKoronavir\u00fcs pandemisinin k\u00fcresel etkisi kendisini bir\u00e7ok bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6sterdi. D\u00fcnyada haddinden fazla say\u0131da h\u00fck\u00fcmet, bunu, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc k\u0131s\u0131tlamak, bilgiyi denetlemek ve kendi yetkilerini geni\u015fletmek i\u00e7in f\u0131rsat bildi. Medya \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sadece iyi i\u015fleyen bir demokrasinin de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak iyi i\u015fleyen bir toplumun da temelini olu\u015fturur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130sve\u00e7\u2019in, hem \u0130stanbul\u2019daki ba\u015fkonsoloslu\u011fumuz hem de Ankara\u2019daki SIDA arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki \u00f6zg\u00fcr medyay\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z gazetecileri, insan haklar\u0131n\u0131 ve sivil toplumu desteklemek konusunda uzun bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fi vard\u0131r. Bize g\u00fcvenebilece\u011finizi biliyorsunuz.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yazar Cemre Birand’\u0131n da k\u0131sa bir konu\u015fma yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplant\u0131n\u0131n kesintisiz video kayd\u0131 bir s\u00fcre sonra T\u00fcrk\u00e7e altyaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak P24\u2019\u00fcn YouTube kanal\u0131nda<\/a> yay\u0131nlanacak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BM \u00d6zel Raport\u00f6r\u00fc David Kaye’in yaz\u0131l\u0131 konu\u015fma metninin T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00e7evirisi ise a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da sunuyoruz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Patojen mi, bask\u0131 m\u0131?
<\/strong>\ufeff<\/p>\n\n\n\n

David Kaye<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u201cE\u011fer bilgi sahibi de\u011filseniz, nas\u0131l fikir sahibi olabilirsiniz?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Siyaset felsefecisi Hannah Arendt \u2014T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00e7evirisiyle\u2014 sekiz kelimede, Medeni ve Siyasi Haklara \u0130li\u015fkin Uluslararas\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin herkesin istedi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye m\u00fcdahale olmaks\u0131z\u0131n sahip olma hakk\u0131n\u0131 koruyan 19\u2019uncu maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131, herkesin bilgiyi ve her \u00e7e\u015fit fikri, \u00fclkesel s\u0131n\u0131rlara ba\u011fl\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, her \u00e7e\u015fit medyay\u0131 kullanarak ara\u015ft\u0131rma, edinme ve iletme hakk\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvenceye alan 19\u2019uncu maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131na ba\u011flayan teoriyi \u00f6zetleyivermi\u015ftir. Arendt \u015funu da kayda ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir: \u201cE\u011fer herkes her zaman yalan s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorsa \u2026 kimse art\u0131k hi\u00e7bir \u015feye inanmaz \u2026 Ve art\u0131k hi\u00e7bir \u015feye inanamayan bir toplum kendi ba\u015f\u0131na karar veremez. Sadece eyleme ge\u00e7me kapasitesinden de\u011fil, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme ve de\u011ferlendirme kapasitesinden de yoksun kal\u0131r. Ve bu haldeki bir topluma her istedi\u011finizi yapabilirsiniz.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hannah Arendt neden s\u00f6z etti\u011fini biliyordu. Totaliterlik \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, Nazi Almanyas\u0131\u2019ndan ka\u00e7mak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015f bir akademisyen olarak, insan haklar\u0131 hukukunun birbiriyle kesi\u015fen ve temel nitelikteki haklar\u0131n\u0131 — d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye sahip olma ve ifade, bilgiye eri\u015fim, \u00f6zerklik ve kendi kendini y\u00f6netme hakk\u0131 — Medeni ve Siyasi Haklara \u0130li\u015fkin Uluslararas\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fme ile \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Evrensel Beyannamesi\u2019nin demokratik de\u011ferleri y\u00fcceltme ve insan hayat\u0131n\u0131 koruma bi\u00e7imine uygun olarak ortaya koyuyordu. Akl\u0131n\u0131 me\u015fgul eden \u015fey, otoriterli\u011fi kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran t\u00fcrden bir propaganda olsa bile, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 vurgu bireyin bilgiye dayanarak kanaat olu\u015fturma ve bu kanaate uyumlu davran\u0131\u015flarda bulunma imk\u00e2n\u0131na m\u00fcdahale eden her t\u00fcrl\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmet uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 kaps\u0131yordu. Tarihin bu noktas\u0131nda hepimiz, Arendt\u2019in akl\u0131ndakinin tam olarak ne oldu\u011funu ve S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019yi ve S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019den 20 y\u0131l \u00f6nce de Beyanname\u2019yi kaleme alanlar\u0131n, bu konunun neden ifadenin g\u00fcvenceye al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in vazge\u00e7ilmez oldu\u011funa inand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 gayet iyi anlayabiliyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eimdi bir pandemi d\u00f6nemi ya\u015f\u0131yoruz. Gelin bunun, k\u00fcresel kamuoyunda yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fokun yard\u0131m\u0131yla uluslararas\u0131 e\u015fg\u00fcd\u00fcm ve i\u015fbirli\u011fine olan ihtiyac\u0131n fark\u0131na var\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131na, sans\u00fcr\u00fcn her bi\u00e7iminin bir dizi insan hakk\u0131na m\u00fcdahale anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fi konusunda bizi sarsarak uyand\u0131rma i\u015flevi g\u00f6rece\u011fine, bilgiye eri\u015fimin g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesinin sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, hayat\u0131n, \u00f6zerkli\u011fin ve iyi y\u00f6neti\u015fimin de g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi sonucunu verece\u011fine, ve k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n — me\u015fru bir amaca y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011fu zamanlarda dahi — yasall\u0131k, gereklilik ve orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerini kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131 gerekece\u011fine dair \u00fcmidimizi koruyal\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak bug\u00fcn haddinden s\u0131k bi\u00e7imde oport\u00fcnizme, otoriter iktidar\u0131n konsolidasyonuna ve y\u00fcr\u00fctme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn orant\u0131s\u0131z kullan\u0131m\u0131na tan\u0131k oluyoruz. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n patojeninin ayn\u0131 zamanda bask\u0131n\u0131n patojeni olma i\u015flevi de ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Bu perspektiften bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu pandemi \u00f6zg\u00fcr ifade a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da bir krizdir \u2014 do\u011fal nedenlerle ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ancak uyar\u0131 ve duyuru altyap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 zay\u0131flatan enformasyon politikalar\u0131yla beslenmi\u015ftir. Oysa, bireyler ve onlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 topluluklar, bilgi edinmeleri engellendi\u011finde, enformasyon kaynaklar\u0131na olan g\u00fcvenleri azald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve kamu yetkililerinin a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131na propaganda ve dezenformasyon h\u00e2kim oldu\u011funda, kendilerini hastal\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 koruyamazlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pandemi ve ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn pandemiler s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda bilginin nas\u0131l ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine ili\u015fkin genel y\u00f6nlendirmesi uluslararas\u0131 insan haklar\u0131 hukukunun gerekleriyle uyumludur. Bu y\u00f6nlendirme, devletin topluma g\u00fcvenilir bilgi aktarmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini vurgulamaktad\u0131r. Ancak b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6nemine kar\u015f\u0131n, bir pandemi esnas\u0131nda fikir ve ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ilgilendiren en temel baz\u0131 sorular\u0131 cevaplamaktan da uzakt\u0131r: Devletin, toplumun pandemi konusunda e\u011fitilmesine ili\u015fkin y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri nelerdir? Toplum pandemiye ili\u015fkin bilgiye ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde eri\u015febilecektir? Bir devlet, toplumun sadece h\u00fck\u00fcmet yetkililerinin onaylad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cme\u015fru\u201d bilgileri edinmesini sa\u011flamak \u00fczere k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar getirebilir mi? Bir devlet medyan\u0131n pandemiye ili\u015fkin haber yapmas\u0131na k\u0131s\u0131tlama getirebilir mi?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uluslararas\u0131 insan haklar\u0131 hukuku, \u00f6zellikle de ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ba\u011flam\u0131nda, kamu sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ayr\u0131lmaz bir b\u00fct\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Medeni ve Siyasi Haklara \u0130li\u015fkin Uluslararas\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin 19\u2019uncu maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc, bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla k\u0131s\u0131tlanmam\u0131\u015f, s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 olmayan ve a\u00e7\u0131k u\u00e7lu niteli\u011fini gayet net bir \u015fekilde tarif etmi\u015ftir. 19\u2019uncu maddenin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131, h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131s\u0131tlayabilmesine dar bir zeminde imk\u00e2n tan\u0131rken, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n yasaya dayanmas\u0131, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131na ve itibarlar\u0131na sayg\u0131 veya ulusal g\u00fcvenli\u011fin ya da kamu d\u00fczeninin veyahut toplumun sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve ahl\u00e2k\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan gerekli olmas\u0131n\u0131 \u015fart ko\u015far. Demek ki, bu t\u00fcr k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar, gereklilik ve orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k s\u0131nav\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7mek ve sadece me\u015fru bir amaca hizmet etmek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6ncelikle, \u201cyasaya dayanma\u201d \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn, sadece yasan\u0131n net bir \u015fekilde ortaya konmu\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda yasan\u0131n kapsam, anlam ve etkisinin de bireylerin davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 yasay\u0131 ihlal etmeden d\u00fczenlemelerine imk\u00e2n verecek \u015fekilde berrak olmas\u0131n\u0131 da gerektirdi\u011fi iyi bilinmektedir. Bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctler halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin acil durumlarda da aynen ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kincisi, gereklilik ilkesi kapsam\u0131nda, bir devlet ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc me\u015fru bir zeminde s\u0131n\u0131rlamak istedi\u011finde, ifade ile var oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenen tehdit aras\u0131nda do\u011frudan ve ivedi bir ili\u015fki oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermelidir. Gereklili\u011fi ortaya koymak devletin y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr, b\u00f6yle bir gereklili\u011fin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermek m\u00fc\u015ftekinin y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de\u011fildir. Gereklilik, orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ima eder, buna g\u00f6re k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar spesifik bir amaca hizmet etmeli ve uygulaman\u0131n hedefindeki ki\u015filerin di\u011fer haklar\u0131na yersiz bi\u00e7imde m\u00fcdahale etmemelidir ve uygulaman\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraflar\u0131n haklar\u0131na m\u00fcdahalesi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ve uygulamaya temel olu\u015fturan \u00e7\u0131kar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan me\u015fru olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yasall\u0131k, gereklilik ve orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k ilkeleri her ko\u015fulda ge\u00e7erlidir; bu ilkeler COVID-19\u2019un yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tehdidiyle ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kmaya y\u00f6nelik \u00e7abalar kapsam\u0131nda bir kenara b\u0131rak\u0131lamaz. Aksine, S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin \u00f6zg\u00fcr ifadeye verdi\u011fi ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc de\u011ferden ve, ayn\u0131 zamanda, halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 politikalar\u0131n\u0131 da ilerletme i\u015flevi g\u00f6rmelerinden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc, bu ilkeler bu ortamda da t\u00fcm g\u00fcc\u00fcyle ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Komitesi bir ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2l ya\u015fan\u0131rken fikir \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden feragat edilmesinin hi\u00e7bir zaman gereklilik arz etmeyece\u011finin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmi\u015ftir. Bilgi edinmenin ve ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn gerek kanaat olu\u015fturma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan gerekse bir halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kriziyle ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kma \u00e7abalar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, devletler, S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin 19\u2019uncu maddesinden kaynakl\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerinde herhangi bir eksiltmeye gitmekten ka\u00e7\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. 19\u2019uncu maddenin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131, 19\u2019uncu maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131ndaki haklara, toplum sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumak amac\u0131yla gerekli ve orant\u0131l\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar getirilebilmesi i\u00e7in yeterli zemin sunmaktad\u0131r. Dahas\u0131, S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin 4\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc maddesi gere\u011fi, bir halk\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 tehdit eden ilan edilmi\u015f bir toplumsal acil durumun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda dahi, bir taraf devletin S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019den kaynakl\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerinde eksiltmeye yol a\u00e7an \u00f6nlemler kesin bi\u00e7imde durumun zorunlu k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlarda tutulmal\u0131 ve, 19\u2019uncu maddenin normal uygulamas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi, ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya di\u011fer uluslararas\u0131 hukuki y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerin ba\u015fka bir \u015fekilde ihlalini i\u00e7ermemeli ve ge\u00e7ici olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dikkatimi d\u00f6rt meseleye y\u00f6neltmeme izin verin; kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011fumuz zorluklar bunlardan ibaret de\u011fil ama bunlar hakikaten kayg\u0131 vesilesi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kamu yetkililerinin elinde tuttu\u011fu bilgiye eri\u015fme hakk\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin 19\u2019uncu maddesi kamu yetkililerinin elindeki bilgiye eri\u015fme hakk\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erecek \u015fekilde yorumlanagelmi\u015ftir. Normal ko\u015fullarda olmas\u0131 gereken \u015fey, kamu yetkililerinin kendilerinden bilgi alma talebinde bulunulmas\u0131n\u0131 beklememeleridir; yetkililer, teknik bilgiye sahip olmayan bir toplum a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r ve halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nceliklerinin hayata ge\u00e7mesini sa\u011flayacak bi\u00e7imde, gerekli b\u00fct\u00fcn bilgilerin payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda m\u00fcspet bir politika izlemelidirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selefim Frank La Rue bilgi edinme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yasalar\u0131n\u0131n tasarlanmas\u0131 ve uygulanmas\u0131nda \u015fu ilkelerin g\u00f6zetilmesi gerekti\u011fini kaydetmi\u015fti: a) azami a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k; b) yay\u0131nlama y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc; c) a\u00e7\u0131k y\u00f6netimin g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi; d) istisnai hallerin s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 tutulmas\u0131; e) bilgiye eri\u015fimi kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin i\u015flemesi; ve f) bilgi payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7tihada d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi. \u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir STK olan Article 19, bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n alt\u0131nda yatan sebepleri gayet iyi tarif etmi\u015ftir: \u201cBilgi, toplumun h\u00fck\u00fcmetin eylemlerini dikkatle incelemesine imk\u00e2n verir ve bu eylemlere ili\u015fkin do\u011fru d\u00fczg\u00fcn ve bilgiye dayal\u0131 bir tart\u0131\u015fma y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesinin temelini olu\u015fturur.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bir tehdit a\u00e7\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmetten yana arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendiriyor, zira bireyler ve i\u00e7inde bulunduklar\u0131 topluluklar ancak hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu tehdidi b\u00fct\u00fcn boyutuyla bildikleri zaman buna uygun ki\u015fisel tercihlerde bulunabilir ve halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararlar\u0131 alabilirler. Toplumu g\u00fcvenilir bilgiden mahrum b\u0131rakan bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet bireyleri riske atm\u0131\u015f olur ve b\u00f6yle bir mahrum b\u0131rakma tercihini ancak son derece dar bir zeminde ve me\u015fru bir \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131 koruma gereklili\u011fi en \u00fcst derecede s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda hakl\u0131 g\u00f6sterebilir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin toplumun bilgiye ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak \u00fczere kulland\u0131klar\u0131 mekanizmalardan biri, medyan\u0131n yetkililere, belgelere ve di\u011fer bilgi kaynaklar\u0131na ula\u015fabilmesini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lmakt\u0131r. Bu, halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve di\u011fer konulardan sorumlu yetkililerin halka ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgi sunduklar\u0131 ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z medyan\u0131n sorular\u0131na cevap verdikleri d\u00fczenli bas\u0131n brifingleri yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7erebilir. Ne yaz\u0131k ki, bilgiye etkin bi\u00e7imde eri\u015filmesini sa\u011flamaya y\u00f6nelik bu d\u00fczene do\u011frudan m\u00fcdahale edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin bir\u00e7ok bildirim ald\u0131k. Bu t\u00fcr k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar, g\u00fcvenilir bilgiye eri\u015fimi engelleme, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z gazetecilerin yetkililere soru sormas\u0131n\u0131 ve bu yolla halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 talimatlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturmalar\u0131n\u0131 imk\u00e2ns\u0131z k\u0131lma ve yetkililerin pandemi esnas\u0131nda ald\u0131klar\u0131 kararlarla ilgili olarak hesap vermelerini s\u0131n\u0131rlama e\u011filimi ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kamu yetkilileri halka tutars\u0131z, berrak olmayan ya da kafa kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bilgiler verdiklerinde h\u00fck\u00fcmetin medyaya kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k davranmas\u0131 bilhassa \u00f6nem kazan\u0131yor. Bir halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 krizinde hedef, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin ger\u00e7e\u011fi yans\u0131tan veya ger\u00e7e\u011fi olabildi\u011fince yans\u0131tan bilgileri, kesinlik ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ya da de\u011fi\u015febilece\u011fini uygun bi\u00e7imde belirterek sa\u011flamas\u0131 ve a\u00e7\u0131k ve d\u00fcr\u00fcst bir y\u00f6nlendirme yapmas\u0131d\u0131r. WHO\u2019nun da kayda ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi \u00fczere, risk ileti\u015fimi \u00e7ift y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir sokakt\u0131r. Medya, h\u00fck\u00fcmetlere toplumun kayg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 anlayabilmesi, topluma da kayg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ve korkular\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l y\u00f6netebilece\u011fini anlamas\u0131 i\u00e7in esasl\u0131 bir ara\u00e7 sa\u011flar; eri\u015fimin s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131, elzem bir unsur olan bilgi payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 da s\u0131n\u0131rlar.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Internet\u2019e eri\u015fme hakk\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fcresel bir pandemi an\u0131nda, \u0130nternete eri\u015fim hakk\u0131 yeniden hayata ge\u00e7irilmeli ve ne anlama geldi\u011fi \u00e7ok iyi anla\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r: bu hak, sa\u011fl\u0131k politikas\u0131 ve uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n, kamunun bilgilenmesinin ve hatt\u00e2 ya\u015fam hakk\u0131n\u0131n kritik bir bile\u015fenidir. Esasen, a\u00e7\u0131k ve g\u00fcvenli bir \u0130nternet, bug\u00fcn ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne sahip olman\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00f6n \u015fartlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda say\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak h\u00fck\u00fcmetler, dijital ara\u00e7lar\u0131n bilgiyi arama, edinme ve iletme hakk\u0131n\u0131n hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi i\u00e7in en temel ara\u00e7lardan biri — bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi i\u00e7in de en temel ara\u00e7 — haline geldi\u011finin bilinciyle, giderek artan bi\u00e7imde \u0130nternet arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bilgiye eri\u015fimin engellenmesinin en hoyrat bi\u00e7imlerine ba\u015fvurmaktalar.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc asl\u00ee hizmetin \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i platformlara ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, \u0130nternetin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 sadece ifadeyi k\u0131s\u0131tlamamakta, ayn\u0131 zamanda di\u011fer temel haklara da m\u00fcdahale anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Pandemi ba\u011flam\u0131nda, \u0130nterneti kapatma uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n devam etti\u011fini g\u00f6zlemek bilhassa kayg\u0131 verici olmu\u015ftur. Bunun en belirgin \u00f6rne\u011fi Hindistan h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin Ke\u015fmir\u2019de uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 uzun d\u00f6nemli engellemedir. 2019\u2019da h\u00fck\u00fcmet, bir\u00e7ok yetki sahibi taraf\u0131ndan \u201c\u00f6ncesinde herhangi bir su\u00e7un i\u015flendi\u011fine dair bir bahaneye bile ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmaks\u0131z\u0131n, Cemmu ve Ke\u015fmir halklar\u0131n\u0131n kolektif bi\u00e7imde cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n bir y\u00f6ntemi\u201d say\u0131lan bir yasa\u011f\u0131 hayata ge\u00e7irdi. Fakat Hindistan bu konuda yaln\u0131z de\u011fil. Etiyopya h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, 2020 ba\u015f\u0131nda Oromia b\u00f6lgesinde \u0130nternet hizmetlerini kesti ve haberlere g\u00f6re, bu engellemenin ancak Mart sonunda kalkabilece\u011finin s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc verdi. Banglade\u015f\u2019in, \u0130nternete Myanmar\u2019dan gelen Rohingya m\u00fcltecilerini etkileyen bir karartma uygulamas\u0131, 50 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn COVID-19 pandemisi ko\u015fullar\u0131nda bu karartman\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 yapmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Myanmar\u2019\u0131n baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinden \u0130nternetin \u0131srarl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde kapat\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00f6zellikle de COVID-19 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ciddi bir endi\u015fe kayna\u011f\u0131 olmaya devam ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nternet kapatmalar\u0131 insan haklar\u0131 hukuku kapsam\u0131nda herkes i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenceye al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik bir sald\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. Bir pandemi esnas\u0131nda \u0130nternet\u2019in kapat\u0131lmas\u0131, eri\u015fimi engellenen herkesin — ve onlar\u0131n temasta oldu\u011fu ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n — sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve hayat\u0131n\u0131 riske atar. En yerel d\u00fczeyden k\u00fcresel d\u00fczeye kadar herkesi etkileyen bir acil sa\u011fl\u0131k durumunda \u0130nternete eri\u015fimin s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131na hi\u00e7 yer yoktur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z medyan\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gazetecilik, bireylerin bilgiyi ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve edinme hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve kendilerini ve i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 topluluklar\u0131 korumak \u00fczere s\u00f6z konusu halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tehdidine ili\u015fkin kanaat geli\u015ftirebilmesini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131larak, bilginin topluma iletilmesinde asl\u00ee bir rol oynar. Esasen, \u00f6zg\u00fcr, sans\u00fcrs\u00fcz ve engellenmemi\u015f bir medyan\u0131n, toplumun kendi kendini y\u00f6netebilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 temel ve \u00f6nemli rol\u00fc peki\u015ftirmemizi gerektiren bir anday\u0131z. \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Konseyi\u2019nin ve Genel Kurul\u2019un defaatle tekrar etti\u011fi bir \u015fey bu. Fakat pandemi h\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda gazetecili\u011fe y\u00f6nelik bir\u00e7ok tehdidi g\u00fcndeme getirdi, h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin \u201cel\u00e7iye\u201d sald\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 ve ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bilgilerin gerektirdi\u011fi sorumlu davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 g\u00f6stermekten ziyade habercili\u011fi k\u0131s\u0131tlad\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki bildirimlerin say\u0131s\u0131 art\u0131yor. Bu tehditler \u015funlar\u0131 kaps\u0131yor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gazetecileri cezaevinden sal\u0131vermemek. Gazetecileri Koruma Komitesi 250\u2019den fazla gazetecinin cezaevinde oldu\u011funu bildiriyor. Hi\u00e7bir medya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 i\u015fini yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle cezaevinde olmamal\u0131. Ancak keyf\u00ee ve hukuksuz bi\u00e7imde tutuklanan gazeteciler, \u015fimdi buna ilaveten sa\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131na ve hayatlar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bir risk alt\u0131ndalar. Devletler onlar\u0131n sal\u0131verilmesini insan\u00ee ama\u00e7 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde g\u00f6rs\u00fcn ya da g\u00f6rmesin, devletlerin hapsettikleri b\u00fct\u00fcn gazetecileri serbest b\u0131rakmalar\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r. Gazetecili\u011fi hakaretin yasaklanmas\u0131 veya ter\u00f6rle m\u00fccadele gibi kisveler alt\u0131nda su\u00e7 saymaya devam eden hi\u00e7bir devlet, pandemi esnas\u0131nda insanlar\u0131 hapsetmenin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilave risk s\u00f6z konusuyken bu t\u00fcr davalar\u0131n pe\u015finde olmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uzun vadede, devletlerin ba\u015fka kategoriler alt\u0131nda yer alan, ter\u00f6r\u00fcn veya hakaretin \u00f6nlenmesi kisvesi alt\u0131ndaki yasalar da dahil olmak \u00fczere gazetecili\u011fi su\u00e7a d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren her bir yasay\u0131 iptal etmesi kritik \u00f6nemdedir. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler, Avrupa G\u00fcvenlik ve \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Te\u015fkilat\u0131 ve Amerikan Devletleri \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6zlemcileri 2002\u2019de yay\u0131mlad\u0131klar\u0131 ortak bildiride, \u201chakareti su\u00e7 sayan b\u00fct\u00fcn yasalar\u0131n ceza kanunlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 ve gerekti\u011finde bunlar\u0131n yerine uygun \u00f6zel hukuk d\u00fczenlemelerinin getirilmesi gerekti\u011fini\u201d kayda ge\u00e7irdiler. \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Komitesi de 34 no.\u2019lu genel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn 47\u2019nci paragraf\u0131nda taraflara hakaretin su\u00e7 say\u0131lmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ele almalar\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu ve her hal\u00fck\u00e2rda hapsetmenin hi\u00e7bir zaman hakaret i\u00e7in uygun bir ceza olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kayda ge\u00e7irdi.    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gazetecilere polis tehdidi. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt yan\u0131ndan gelen \u00e7ok say\u0131da bildirim, pandemi konusunda haber yapan gazetecilerin artan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde g\u00f6zda\u011f\u0131na, g\u00f6zalt\u0131na ve sorguya maruz b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, COVID-19\u2019la ilgili somut bilgilere ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapan medya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 ve insan haklar\u0131 savunucular\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka bask\u0131 bi\u00e7imleriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gazetecilere y\u00f6nelik siyasi sald\u0131r\u0131lar. \u0130fadeye de\u011fer vermeyen ve ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kullanmak isteyen insanlara sayg\u0131 g\u00f6stermeyen bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrde gazetecilerin tam olarak korunmas\u0131 sa\u011flanamaz. Son birka\u00e7 y\u0131l zarf\u0131nda, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri, Macaristan, Tayland ve Filipinler\u2019de de g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, gazetecilere ve sivil toplum bile\u015fenlerine y\u00f6nelik \u0131srarl\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Medyan\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na elveri\u015fli bir ortam\u0131n olmamas\u0131. Medya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 elzem rol d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, h\u00fck\u00fcmetler gerekti\u011finde yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015fi \u201celzem\u201d olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmak yoluyla, onlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na devam etmelerini sa\u011flamal\u0131d\u0131r. Medya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131na, i\u015flerini yaparken pandemi esnas\u0131nda gerekli say\u0131lan koruyucu maske ve di\u011fer uygun te\u00e7hizat gibi koruma \u00f6nlemleri sunulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Elveri\u015fli bir ortam ayn\u0131 zamanda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z medyan\u0131n kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k bas\u0131n toplant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve sadece devlet medyas\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fil b\u00fct\u00fcn medya kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n kamu yetkililerine ve di\u011fer bilgi kaynaklar\u0131na eri\u015fiminin sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 da kapsar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yabanc\u0131 gazetecilerin eri\u015fiminin korunmamas\u0131. COVID-19 krizinin k\u00fcresel tabiat\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 a\u015fan bir habercili\u011fin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren bir durumdur. Bu, h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin \u00f6zellikle uluslararas\u0131 bas\u0131n\u0131n habercilik yapmas\u0131na m\u00fcdahale eden ad\u0131mlar atmamas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir. Ne yaz\u0131k ki, h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin yabanc\u0131 bas\u0131n\u0131n temsilcilerine y\u00f6nelik olarak hasmane bir tutum izledi\u011fine ili\u015fkin bir\u00e7ok bildirim olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Kamu sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda dezenformasyon<\/p>\n\n\n\n

WHO\u2019nun Genel Direkt\u00f6r\u00fc \u201cyalan haber vir\u00fcsten daha h\u0131zl\u0131 ve daha kolay yay\u0131l\u0131yor ve ayn\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde tehlikeli\u201d demi\u015ftir. WHO, bu durumu \u201cs\u00f6ylentiler, dedikodular ve g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi olmayan bilgiler dahil her t\u00fcr enformasyonun h\u0131zla yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131\u201d i\u00e7eren bir \u201cenfodemi\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131yor. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yan\u0131nda, sa\u011fl\u0131kla ilgilenen kamu yetkilileri COVID-19 pandemisi esnas\u0131nda dezenformasyon yap\u0131lmas\u0131ndan hakl\u0131 olarak endi\u015fe duyuyorlar. G\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi olmayan bilgiler, bilhassa \u00f6nemli platformlara sahip bireyler taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, k\u00f6t\u00fc niyet ta\u015f\u0131salar da ta\u015f\u0131masalar da \u00e7ok ciddi bir zarar verebilirler. WHO, \u201cenfodemilerin ba\u015far\u0131yla y\u00f6netilmesinin (1) bunlar\u0131n g\u00f6zlenmesi ve te\u015fhisine, (2) analiz edilmesine ve (3) denetimine ve zararlar\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131na dayanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

WHO\u2019nun bu konudaki y\u00f6nlendirici metni, risk ileti\u015fiminin \u00f6nemini vurguluyor; buna, s\u00f6ylentilerin d\u00fczeltme amac\u0131yla ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 da dahil. Bu metin, yanl\u0131\u015f enformasyonun yasaklanmas\u0131n\u0131n me\u015fru olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f belirtmiyor ancak insan haklar\u0131 g\u00f6zlemcileri ve uzmanlar\u0131yla tutarl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6steren bir tutum al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6neriyor. Yasall\u0131k ve gereklilik ilkeleri dezenformasyonla ilgili b\u00fct\u00fcn yakla\u015f\u0131mlarda ge\u00e7erli olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u201cDezenformasyon\u201d, \u00f6zel olarak, hukuk kapsam\u0131nda tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc zor bir kavramd\u0131r, bu da h\u00fck\u00fcmet yetkililerine neyin dezenformasyon, neyin hatal\u0131 bilgi, neyin ger\u00e7ek oldu\u011funu belirlemek konusunda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir hareket alan\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dahas\u0131, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler, Avrupa G\u00fcvenlik ve \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Te\u015fkilat\u0131 ve \u0130nter-Amerikan \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Komisyonu\u2019nun bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nceki ortak a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131nda da vurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, \u201cpandemiyle ilgili enformasyonun su\u00e7 say\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik her giri\u015fim, kurumsal bilgilendirmelere g\u00fcvenilmemesi ve g\u00fcvenilir bilgiye eri\u015fimin gecikmesi sonucunu do\u011furabilir ve ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131ran bir etki yapabilir.\u201d Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle, dezenformasyonun cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 orant\u0131s\u0131zd\u0131r, enformasyonun denetlenmesi amac\u0131na eri\u015fmeyi sa\u011flamaz ve bunun yerine bireyleri de\u011ferli olabilecek bilgileri payla\u015fmaktan da cayd\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pandemiye ili\u015fkin yanl\u0131\u015f bilgilerle ilgili toplumsal tart\u0131\u015fma b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde resm\u00ee ve \u00f6zel kurulu\u015flar\u0131n bu t\u00fcr bilgileri dola\u015f\u0131mdan \u00e7\u0131karmak ve yayanlar\u0131 cezaland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in atmas\u0131 gereken ad\u0131mlar\u0131 ilgilendirse de i\u015fe h\u00fck\u00fcmetin kendisinden ba\u015flamak \u00f6nemlidir. Ne yaz\u0131k ki, devlet g\u00f6revlilerinin COVID-19 vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u00f6keni, pandemiden kimin sorumlu oldu\u011fu, COVID-19\u2019un kendi \u00fclkelerindeki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve semptomlara kar\u015f\u0131 al\u0131nabilecek ila\u00e7lar\u0131n bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda teyit edilmemi\u015f ve s\u0131kl\u0131kla da pervas\u0131z baz\u0131 iddialar\u0131 yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir\u00e7ok durum oldu. Yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 eninde sonunda daima ortaya konan b\u00f6yle iddialar, resm\u00ee bilgi kaynaklar\u0131na olan g\u00fcveni sarsmakta ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kamuoyunun, halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan sorumlu yetkililerin etkin ve yarar\u0131 kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f politikalar\u0131 hayata ge\u00e7irmelerini zorla\u015ft\u0131ran bir g\u00fcvensizlik i\u00e7ine girmesine neden olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

COVID-19 pandemisiyle ilgili dezenformasyon d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerinde geleneksel ve sosyal medyada dola\u015f\u0131mda. Bu yanl\u0131\u015f bilgilerin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, daha ziyade devletler aras\u0131 anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 ilgilendiren rahats\u0131z edici bir siyasi su\u00e7lama oyunundan kaynaklan\u0131yor ve pandeminin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zorlukla m\u00fccadele i\u00e7in gerekli olan uluslararas\u0131 i\u015f birli\u011fini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmaktan uzak. Karantina uygulamalar\u0131yla, s\u00f6zde sa\u011fl\u0131k tavsiyeleriyle ve ba\u015fka teyit edilmemi\u015f iddialarla ilgili ve \u015fayet yayg\u0131n takip g\u00f6r\u00fcrse bireylerin sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na zarar verebilecek olan di\u011fer baz\u0131 dezenformasyon bi\u00e7imleri ise daha da tehlikeli. H\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin b\u00f6ylesi bir dezenformasyona kar\u015f\u0131 giri\u015fece\u011fi her \u00e7aba yukar\u0131da ayr\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lan ilkelere dayanmal\u0131d\u0131r: toplumla eksiksiz, d\u00fcr\u00fcst ve geli\u015fmelere uyum g\u00f6steren bir ileti\u015fim, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi ve korunmas\u0131 ve halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na zarar verebilecek yanl\u0131\u015f bilgilerin dikkatle, herkese a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde d\u00fczeltilmesi. Pandeminin \u00f6tesinde de devletler gerek ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z medyaya elveri\u015fli bir ortam ve medya okuryazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirecek e\u011fitim d\u00fczenlemeleri i\u00e7in gerekse bireylere teyit edilebilen ve teyit edilemeyen iddialar\u0131 birbirinden ay\u0131rmas\u0131na yarayacak ele\u015ftirel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n sunulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ad\u0131mlar atmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

COVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan ve bir pandemiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesinden bu yana ge\u00e7en k\u0131sa s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda, bir dizi devlet g\u00fcya pandemiye ili\u015fkin dezenformasyonu \u00f6nleme ama\u00e7l\u0131 yasalar kabul etti. Bu yasalar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131, bir ki\u015finin enfekte olma durumuyla ilgili mahremiyet haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik me\u015fru bir ama\u00e7 ta\u015f\u0131yabilir. Bu t\u00fcr d\u00fczenlemeler S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin 17\u2019nci maddesinin ortaya koydu\u011fu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerle uyumlu olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak, genel olarak, Avrupa Konseyi \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Komiseri Dunja Mijatovic\u2019in Avrupa Konseyi\u2019ne \u00fcye \u00fclkelere, \u201cdezenformasyonla m\u00fccadeleye y\u00f6nelik \u00f6nlemler gerekli, orant\u0131l\u0131 ve Parlamento ve ulusal insan haklar\u0131 kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 da kapsayan d\u00fczenli bir denetime tabi olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Dezenformasyonla m\u00fccadele \u00f6nlemleri gazetecilerin ve medya mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flerini yapmas\u0131n\u0131 hi\u00e7bir zaman engellememeli veya \u0130nternetteki i\u00e7eri\u011fin gereksiz yere bloke edilmesine yol a\u00e7mamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu standartlara uygun olmayan k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar getirmi\u015f olan \u00fclkeler bu k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131 acilen kald\u0131rmal\u0131d\u0131r\u201d diye tavsiyede bulunurken de\u011findi\u011fi unsurlar\u0131 yans\u0131tan bir yakla\u015f\u0131m izlenmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6zlemcilerinin 2017\u2019deki ortak bildirisi, \u201cbilginin yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u2018yalan haber\u2019 ve \u2018objektif olmayan bilgi\u2019 benzeri mu\u011flak ve m\u00fcphem fikirlere dayanarak engelleyen genel yasaklamalar\u0131n insan haklar\u0131 hukukuyla uyumlu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve terkedilmesi gerekti\u011fini\u201d a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koymu\u015ftu. Dezenformasyona y\u00f6nelik mu\u011flak gerek\u00e7eli yasaklar, 19\u2019uncu maddenin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131ndaki gereklilik ve orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k \u015fartlar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 bi\u00e7imde, h\u00fck\u00fcmet yetkililerini kamusal ve siyasal alandaki i\u00e7eri\u011fin do\u011frulu\u011fu ve yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda fiilen karar verme yetisiyle donatmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zel arama motorlar\u0131 ve sosyal medya \u015firketleri, halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na potansiyel olarak zarar verebilecek yanl\u0131\u015f bilgilerin platformlar\u0131nda dola\u015f\u0131mda olmamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamalar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde, hakl\u0131 gerek\u00e7elere dayanan bariz bir bask\u0131 alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bunlardan bir\u00e7o\u011fu COVID-19 vir\u00fcs\u00fc konusundaki yanl\u0131\u015f bilgilerle ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in giri\u015fken ad\u0131mlar da att\u0131lar. Bir\u00e7o\u011fu, bir ki\u015fi hastal\u0131kla ilgili bilgi arad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, resm\u00ee bir sa\u011fl\u0131k kurumunun teyit edilmi\u015f bilgilerinin ilk arama sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer almas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak y\u00f6ntemler geli\u015ftirdiler. Di\u011ferleri, mesela \u201cinsanlar\u0131 t\u0131bb\u00ee tedavi talep etmekten cayd\u0131ran veya zararl\u0131 maddelerin sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa yarad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia eden\u201d i\u00e7eriklerin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi mevcut politikalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendiriyorlar. Twitter \u201czarar\u201d tarifini \u201chalk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda k\u00fcresel veya yerel d\u00fczeydeki \u00e2mirane kaynaklar\u0131n y\u00f6nlendirmelerine do\u011frudan ters d\u00fc\u015fen i\u00e7eri\u011fi\u201d kapsayacak \u015fekilde geni\u015fletti. Bir analist \u201cplatformlar\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015f bilgileri ve di\u011fer suiistimal niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yan i\u00e7erikleri dola\u015f\u0131mdan kald\u0131rmak ve g\u00fcvenilir i\u00e7erikleri art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir giri\u015fkenlik i\u00e7inde olduklar\u0131n\u0131\u201d saptad\u0131. \u00d6te yandan, sosyal mesafelendirme gibi halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nlemleri \u015firketlerin i\u00e7erik y\u00f6netimi yapan i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7ok belirgin bi\u00e7imde azaltmas\u0131na neden oldu, bu da otomasyon ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n daha fazla kullan\u0131m\u0131na ve muhtemel hatalar\u0131n itiraf\u0131na yol a\u00e7\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

COVID-19 pandemisi esnas\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, sosyal medya ve arama motoru \u015firketleri toplumsal s\u00f6ylem \u00fczerinde ve bireylerin gerek bu platformlardaki gerekse platform d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki haklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde muazzam bir etkiye sahipler. \u00d6zellikle otomasyon ara\u00e7lar\u0131na y\u00fcklenilmesi ba\u011flam\u0131nda, halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ciddi zararlar verebilecek hatalar yapma potansiyeli var. B\u00f6ylesi bir zarar, ba\u015fka \u015feylerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin yararl\u0131 ve teyit edilmi\u015f bilgilerin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan, ya da sa\u011fl\u0131k risklerine yol a\u00e7abilecek teyit edilmemi\u015f bilgilerin veya bu bilgileri payla\u015fan kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n engellenmemesinden kaynaklanabilir. Ayr\u0131ca bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ihtimali de s\u00f6z konusu. Bu nedenle, sosyal medya \u015firketleri, pandemi esnas\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6nlendirmelerle uyumlu olmayan toplumsal protestolarla ilgili haberlerin yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin karar verirken, uygulad\u0131klar\u0131 politikan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn toplu eylemler i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011fundan ve protestocular\u0131n bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na dayal\u0131 bir ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7ermedi\u011finden emin olmal\u0131d\u0131rlar. Bunlar a\u011f\u0131r sorumluluklard\u0131r ve \u015firketlerin, halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 politikalar\u0131 gere\u011fi farkl\u0131 yerlere da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131yla d\u00fczenli toplant\u0131 yapamad\u0131klar\u0131 bir ortamda, insan haklar\u0131n\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi durum tespit s\u00fcrecini i\u015fletmeleri bilhassa zordur. Ne olursa olsun, bunu yapmak \u00f6zellikle de pandemi esnas\u0131nda onlar\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pandemi esnas\u0131nda insan haklar\u0131n\u0131n zarar g\u00f6rmesinin \u00f6nlenmesi veya bu zarar\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 sorumlulu\u011funu yerine getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, \u015firketlerin izledikleri i\u00e7erik politikalar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 olma hakk\u0131 ve ya\u015fam hakk\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkisini saptamaya d\u00f6n\u00fck bir durum tespiti yapmalar\u0131 da elzemdir. Toplumsal tehdidin niteli\u011fini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne alarak, politikalar\u0131n\u0131n azami \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u015feffaf olmas\u0131n\u0131 hedeflemeli ve gerekti\u011finde acil olarak, sadece halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan sorumlu yetkililerle de\u011fil, hizmet sunduklar\u0131 yerde bu politikalardan etkilenen kesimlerle de ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7melidirler. Sadece otomasyona dayal\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa ve insan haklar\u0131na zarar verebilece\u011finden, bu \u015firketler h\u00e2lihaz\u0131rdaki uygulama ve politikalar\u0131n\u0131, COVID-19\u2019la ilgili bilgileri g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmek gerekti\u011finde, i\u00e7erik y\u00f6neticilerinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede devreye girebilmesini sa\u011flayacak \u015fekilde yenilemelidirler.<\/em>
 4 May\u0131s 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak: https:\/\/expressioninterrupted.com<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

BM \u0130fade \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00d6zel Raport\u00f6r\u00fc, D\u00fcnya Bas\u0131n \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc G\u00fcn\u00fc’nde h\u00fck\u00fcmeti gazetecilerin serbest kalmas\u0131 i\u00e7in h\u0131zla harekete ge\u00e7meye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131 Punto24 Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Gazetecilik Derne\u011fi (P24) taraf\u0131ndan her y\u0131l 3 May\u0131s D\u00fcnya Bas\u0131n \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc G\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019nde Mehmet Ali Birand\u2019\u0131n an\u0131s\u0131na d\u00fczenlenen konferanslar\u0131n yedincisi COVID-19 \u00f6nlemleri nedeniyle \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i bir toplant\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. \u0130sve\u00e7 \u0130stanbul Konsoloslu\u011fu\u2019nun i\u015fbirli\u011fiyle d\u00fczenlenen toplant\u0131da bu y\u0131l\u0131n Mehmet […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":15400,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jf_save_progress":"","_jf_limit_responses":"","jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"","format":"standard","video":"","gallery":"","source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override":[{"single_blog_custom":"","sidebar":"","second_sidebar":"","share_position":"","share_float_style":"","post_date_format":"","post_date_format_custom":"","post_reading_time_wpm":"","zoom_button_out_step":"1","zoom_button_in_step":"1","number_popup_post":"1"}],"image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"","single_post_gallery_size":""}],"trending_post_position":"","trending_post_label":"","sponsored_post_label":"","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":""},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":""},"jnews_override_counter":{"view_counter_number":"0","share_counter_number":"0","like_counter_number":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"jnews_post_split":{"post_split":[{"template":"1","tag":"h2","numbering":"asc","mode":"normal"}]},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1410,737],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15399","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-manset","category-sektorel-durum"],"yoast_head":"\nBM Raport\u00f6r\u00fc: Tutuklu gazetecilerin b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015fart - International Journalists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/internationaljournalists.org\/tr\/bm-raportoru-tutuklu-gazetecilerin-birakilmasi-sart\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"BM Raport\u00f6r\u00fc: Tutuklu gazetecilerin b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015fart - International Journalists\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"BM \u0130fade \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00d6zel Raport\u00f6r\u00fc, D\u00fcnya Bas\u0131n \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc G\u00fcn\u00fc’nde h\u00fck\u00fcmeti gazetecilerin serbest kalmas\u0131 i\u00e7in h\u0131zla harekete ge\u00e7meye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131 Punto24 Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Gazetecilik 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