{"id":47302,"date":"2026-05-09T14:11:53","date_gmt":"2026-05-09T12:11:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/internationaljournalists.org\/?page_id=47302"},"modified":"2026-05-17T00:58:06","modified_gmt":"2026-05-16T22:58:06","slug":"fikir-hurriyetine-getirilen-kisitlamalar","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/internationaljournalists.org\/tr\/fikir-hurriyetine-getirilen-kisitlamalar\/","title":{"rendered":"Fikir H\u00fcrriyetine Getirilen K\u0131s\u0131tlamalar"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"47302\" class=\"elementor elementor-47302 elementor-45189\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a66c7d4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a66c7d4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e2d47ab\" data-id=\"e2d47ab\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ae12c5 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"6ae12c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h1&quot;,&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;,&quot;h4&quot;,&quot;h5&quot;,&quot;h6&quot;],&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:&quot;#footer&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this page.&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0130\u00c7ER\u0130K TABLOSU\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__6ae12c5\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__6ae12c5\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__6ae12c5\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-390892b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"390892b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c9f900c\" data-id=\"c9f900c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de09ea4 elementor-drop-cap-yes elementor-drop-cap-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"de09ea4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;drop_cap&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1><a name=\"_Toc229137568\"><\/a>G\u0130R\u0130\u015e<\/h1><p>\u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc her bireyin e\u015fit d\u00fczeyde sahip oldu\u011fu bir hakt\u0131r. Demokratik toplumlar\u0131n ilerlemesi ve bireylerin geli\u015fiminde ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc temel ko\u015fuldur.<\/p><p>Bu hakk\u0131n koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131nabilmesi i\u00e7in hem uluslararas\u0131 alanda hem de yerel d\u00fczeyde yasal d\u00fczenlemeler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak, tarih boyunca iktidar sahipleri, ele\u015ftirel fikirlerin menfaatlerine zarar verece\u011fini, varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 tehlikeye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrece\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrerek ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131s\u0131tlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in kamu g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kullanarak sans\u00fcr yasalar\u0131na ve politikalar\u0131na ba\u015fvurarak cezaland\u0131rma yoluna gitmi\u015flerdir. Kimi zaman bask\u0131 alt\u0131na ald\u0131klar\u0131 yarg\u0131 sistemi kullan\u0131l\u0131rken kimi zaman da \u015fiddet kullanmaktan \u00e7ekinmemi\u015flerdir. \u00d6zellikle despotizmin hakim oldu\u011fu y\u00f6netimlerde ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc arac\u0131 olan bas\u0131n ve yay\u0131n organlar\u0131 sistemli olarak kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, kendi ideolojisine uygun yay\u0131n yapar hale getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p><p>Akademik d\u00fcnyan\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn mevcudiyetine dayan\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fi \u00fclkelerde ilk olarak bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda tutulan, tutuklanan, i\u015fsiz b\u0131rak\u0131lan, \u015fiddete maruz kalan ve hatta \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen gazeteci ve akademisyenlerin \u00e7oklu\u011fu dikkat \u00e7ekmektedir.<\/p><p>T\u00fcrkiye, Erdo\u011fan iktidar\u0131 d\u00f6neminde \u00f6zellikle de kimler taraf\u0131ndan organize edildi\u011fi netli\u011fe kavu\u015fturulamam\u0131\u015f \u015f\u00fcpheli 15 Temmuz 2016 darbe giri\u015fimi sonras\u0131 h\u0131zla demokrasiden uzakla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130nsan haklar\u0131 ihlalleri artm\u0131\u015f ve yasalar bilin\u00e7li \u015fekilde ihlal edilmi\u015f veya ask\u0131ya al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f despot bir y\u00f6netim ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn demokrasi, yarg\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden uzakla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Muhalif g\u00f6r\u00fclen ayd\u0131nlar, gazeteciler, yazarlar, akademisyenler, sivil toplum kurulu\u015fu \u00fcyeleri ve insan haklar\u0131 savunucular\u0131, sosyal medya kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u00fcyesi olmakla su\u00e7lanmakta ve yarg\u0131lanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Raporumuzda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00e7ok gazeteci ve akademisyeninin tutuklu bulundu\u011fu T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn foto\u011fraf\u0131 \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir.<\/p><h1>1.B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/h1><h1>YASAL MEVZUAT<\/h1><h2>\u0130FADE \u00d6ZG\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011e\u00dcN\u00dc KORUMA ALTINA ALAN YASAL G\u00dcVENCELER<\/h2><p>\u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler taraf\u0131ndan \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Evrensel Beyannamesi\u2019nde ilan edilen, bir\u00e7ok \u00fclke gibi T\u00fcrkiye taraf\u0131ndan da 6 Nisan 1949\u2019da imzalanarak kabul edilen bir hakt\u0131r. (1) T\u00fcrkiye, Medeni ve Siyas\u00ee Haklara \u0130li\u015fkin Uluslararas\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019ni (MSHUS, T\u00fcrkiye S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019yi 15 A\u011fustos 2000 tarihinde imzalam\u0131\u015f 23 Eyl\u00fcl 2013\u2019de onaylanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.) ve Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019ni (A\u0130HS) de imzalam\u0131\u015f ve taraf olmu\u015ftur. Bu nedenle T\u00fcrk mahkemeleri, uluslararas\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri ve Avrupa insan haklar\u0131 hukukunu dikkate alarak ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almak ve korumak durumundad\u0131r. Avrupa Konseyi\u2019ne \u00fcye devletlerde ifade ve i\u00e7erik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik her t\u00fcrl\u00fc k\u0131s\u0131tlama A\u0130HS 10. maddede dile getirilen kriterleri kar\u015f\u0131lamak zorundad\u0131r.<\/p><p>A\u0130HS 10. Maddesine g\u00f6re;<\/p><ol><li>Herkes ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hakk\u0131na sahiptir. Bu hak, kamu makamlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan m\u00fcdahale edilmeksizin ve ulusal s\u0131n\u0131rlar dikkate al\u0131nmaks\u0131z\u0131n, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f sahibi olma, bilgi ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri edinme ve yayma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7erir. Bu madde devletlerin yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, televizyon veya sinema i\u015fletmelerini izin alma ko\u015fuluna ba\u011flamas\u0131n\u0131 engellemez.<\/li><\/ol><h3>MSHUS 19. Maddesi:<\/h3><ol><li>Herkesin, bir m\u00fcdahale ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmaks\u0131z\u0131n fikirlere sahip olma hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/li><li>Herkes ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hakk\u0131na sahiptir; bu hak bir kimsenin \u00fclke hudutlar\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rlanmaks\u0131z\u0131n s\u00f6zl\u00fc, yaz\u0131l\u0131 veya bas\u0131l\u0131 veya sanatsal \u00fcr\u00fcn \u015feklinde veya kendi tercih etti\u011fi ba\u015fka bir ileti\u015fim vas\u0131tas\u0131yla her t\u00fcrl\u00fc bilgi ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi arama, edinme ve ula\u015ft\u0131rma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc de i\u00e7erir.<\/li><li>Bu maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131ndaki haklar \u00f6zel bir \u00f6dev ve sorumlulukla kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu nedenle bu hak, sadece hukuken \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sebeplerle gerekli olan s\u0131n\u0131rlamalara tabi tutulabilir: a) Ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131na ve itibar\u0131na sayg\u0131; b) Ulusal g\u00fcvenli\u011fi veya kamu d\u00fczenini veya sa\u011fl\u0131k ve ahlak\u0131 koruma.<\/li><\/ol><h2>OLA\u011eAN\u00dcST\u00dc HAL D\u00d6NEM\u0130NDE B\u0130LE \u0130FADE \u00d6ZG\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011e\u00dc KISITLANAMAZ<\/h2><p>MSHUS\u2019nin 4. maddesi, \u2018ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc hal ilan\u0131\u2019 durumunda Madde 19 (2)\u2019deki y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerde azaltmaya gitmeye izin vermektedir. Zira T\u00fcrk makamlar\u0131 21 Temmuz 2016 tarihinde, Avrupa Konseyi Genel Sekreterine darbe giri\u015fimi sonras\u0131 uygulamaya konacak tedbirlerin A\u0130HS baz\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerinin ask\u0131ya al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erebilece\u011fi bildirilmi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 tarihte T\u00fcrk Makamlar\u0131, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Genel Sekreterine de MSHUS\u2019nin 4. Maddesi uyar\u0131nca ask\u0131ya alma (derogasyon) haklar\u0131n\u0131n kullanabileceklerini, Madde 2\/3 ile 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 17, 19, 21, 22, 25, 26 ve 27. maddelerinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen haklar\u0131n ask\u0131ya al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 konusunda bildirimde bulunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p><p>Ancak A\u0130HS ve MSHUS \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ask\u0131ya alma haklar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 belli ko\u015fullara ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Belirli haklar hi\u00e7bir zaman ask\u0131ya al\u0131namaz. Ask\u0131ya alma uygulamalar\u0131 ayr\u0131mc\u0131 mahiyet arz edemez yahut devletin uluslararas\u0131 hukuk \u00e7er\u00e7evesindeki di\u011fer y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri ise tutars\u0131z olamaz. Hakim ama\u00e7 insan haklar\u0131n\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde g\u00f6zetilebildi\u011fi normal halin yeniden tesisinin temini olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p><p>\u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hakk\u0131, ola\u011fan ko\u015fullarda ya da ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc hal durumlar\u0131nda dahi y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck azaltmaya tabi de\u011fildir. (2) \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Komitesi, MSHUS h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinden y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck azaltman\u0131n \u201cistisnai ve ge\u00e7ici\u201d nitelikte olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine h\u00fckmetmi\u015ftir.<\/p><h3>T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasas\u0131:<\/h3><p>Madde 25: \u201cHerkes, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve kanaat h\u00fcrriyetine sahiptir. Her ne sebep ve ama\u00e7la olursa olsun kimse, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve kanaatlerini a\u00e7\u0131klamaya zorlanamaz; d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve kanaatleri sebebiyle k\u0131nanamaz ve su\u00e7lanamaz.\u201d<\/p><p>Madde 26: Herkes, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve kanaatlerini s\u00f6z, yaz\u0131, resim veya ba\u015fka yollarla tek ba\u015f\u0131na veya toplu olarak a\u00e7\u0131klama ve yayma hakk\u0131na sahiptir. Bu h\u00fcrriyet resm\u00ee makamlar\u0131n m\u00fcdahalesi olmaks\u0131z\u0131n haber veya fikir almak ya da vermek serbestli\u011fini de kapsar. Bu f\u0131kra h\u00fckm\u00fc, radyo, televizyon, sinema veya benzeri yollarla yap\u0131lan yay\u0131mlar\u0131n izin sistemine ba\u011flanmas\u0131na engel de\u011fildir.<\/p><p>Madde 28: \u201cBas\u0131n h\u00fcrd\u00fcr, sans\u00fcr edilemez. Bas\u0131mevi kurmak izin alma ve mal\u00ee teminat yat\u0131rma \u015fart\u0131na ba\u011flanamaz\u2026 Devlet, bas\u0131n ve haber alma h\u00fcrriyetlerini sa\u011flayacak tedbirleri al\u0131r.\u201d<\/p><p>Madde 30: Kanuna uygun \u015fekilde bas\u0131n i\u015fletmesi olarak kurulan bas\u0131mevi ve eklentileri ile bas\u0131n ara\u00e7lar\u0131, su\u00e7 aleti oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle zapt ve m\u00fcsadere edilemez veya i\u015fletilmekten al\u0131konulamaz.<\/p><h2>\u0130FADE \u00d6ZG\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011e\u00dcN\u00dcN KISITLAYAN T\u00dcRK CEZA YASALARI<\/h2><p>T\u00fcrkiye, A\u0130HM\u2019de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden en fazla h\u00fck\u00fcm giyen \u00fclkedir. (3) A\u0130HM\u2019in 2018 adli y\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla ilgili verilere g\u00f6re; T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 40 davada, ifade ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn korunmas\u0131yla ilgili A\u0130HS\u2019nin 10. maddesini ihlal etti\u011fine h\u00fckmedilmi\u015ftir. A\u0130HM\u2019e yap\u0131lan ba\u015fvurular incelenince T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcndeki temel engel, T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu ve Ter\u00f6rle M\u00fccadele Kanunu olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu ceza yasalar\u0131na \u00f6zellikle sonradan eklenen mu\u011flak ifadelere dayal\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmler, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131s\u0131tlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu maddeler Anayasa, A\u0130HS ve MSHUS\u2019un ilgili maddeleriyle \u00e7eli\u015fir hale gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p><p>Anayasan\u0131n bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alan 28. ve 29. maddeleri, \u015fu d\u00fczenlemeyle s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: \u201cDevletin i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fini, \u00fclkesi ve milletiyle b\u00f6l\u00fcnmez b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc tehdit eden veya su\u00e7 i\u015flemeye ya da ayaklanma veya isyana te\u015fvik eder nitelikte olan veya Devlete ait gizli bilgilere ili\u015fkin bulunan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc haber veya yaz\u0131y\u0131 yazanlar veya bast\u0131ranlar veya ayn\u0131 ama\u00e7la basanlar, ba\u015fkas\u0131na verenler bu su\u00e7lara ait kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca sorumlu olurlar.\u201d Ek maddeyle s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><p>3713 say\u0131l\u0131 Ter\u00f6rle M\u00fccadele Kanunu\u2019nun baz\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinde ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne \u00fcyelik ve ter\u00f6r propagandas\u0131 yasaklanm\u0131\u015f ancak baz\u0131 temel kavramlar tan\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kanun hangi fiillerin ter\u00f6r olarak nitelendirilece\u011fini tan\u0131mlamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kanunun 7(2) maddesi \u201cter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn cebir, \u015fiddet veya tehdit i\u00e7eren y\u00f6ntemlerini me\u015fru g\u00f6sterecek veya \u00f6vecek ya da bu y\u00f6ntemlere ba\u015fvurmay\u0131 te\u015fvik edecek \u015fekilde propagandas\u0131n\u0131 yapan\u201d ki\u015filerin bir y\u0131ldan be\u015f y\u0131la kadar hapis cezas\u0131 ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca h\u00fck\u00fcmde bu su\u00e7un bas\u0131n ve yay\u0131n yolu ile i\u015flenmesi h\u00e2linde, verilecek cezan\u0131n yar\u0131 oran\u0131nda art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p><p>T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu\u2019nda yer alan; \u201cT\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Cumhuriyet\u2019i, devleti, T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi\u2019ni, h\u00fck\u00fcmeti veya yarg\u0131 organlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lamak (madde 301)\u201d maddesi nedeniyle y\u00fczlerce ayd\u0131n ifadelerinden dolay\u0131 hapisle cezaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen Gazeteci Hrant Dink davas\u0131 da bu ba\u011flamda emsal te\u015fkil etmektedir. Dink, T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lamaktan su\u00e7lu bulunmu\u015f ve ard\u0131ndan \u0130stanbul\u2019da a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 milliyet\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p><ol start=\"299\"><li>madde, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na hakareti d\u00fczenlemekte ve bir y\u0131ldan d\u00f6rt y\u0131la kadar hapis cezas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir. Dava a\u00e7\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in Adalet Bakan\u0131n\u0131n izni gerekmekle birlikte, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 d\u00e2hil \u00fcst d\u00fczey g\u00f6revliler, hakaret gerek\u00e7esiyle gazeteciler, sanat\u00e7\u0131lar ve akademisyenler aleyhine ceza davas\u0131 a\u00e7maktad\u0131rlar.<\/li><\/ol><p>M\u0130T Kanunu: 6532 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun (2014), Milli \u0130stihbarat Te\u015fkilat\u0131na (M\u0130T) mahkeme karar\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ki\u015fisel verilere eri\u015fim yetkisi tan\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Maddeye g\u00f6re M\u0130T, kamu kurumlar\u0131, finansal kurumlar ve resmi ya da gayri resmi kurulu\u015flardan bilgi, belge ve veri toplama yetkisine sahiptir. Madde M\u0130T hakk\u0131nda bilgi toplamay\u0131 ve yay\u0131nlamay\u0131 ise a\u011f\u0131r cezalara tabi tutmu\u015ftur. Buna g\u00f6re M\u0130T hakk\u0131ndaki bilgi ve belgelerin da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131, dokuz y\u0131la kadar hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmektedir. Bu madde, gazetecilerin M\u0130T ile ilgili ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131 skandallar\u0131n haberle\u015ftirilmesinin ard\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015ftir. Bu cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 cezalarla M\u0130T aleyhine haberlerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi ama\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (4)<\/p><h2>\u0130NTERNET YASAKLARI<\/h2><p>\u0130nternet \u201cg\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ifade ve bilgi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015fl\u0131ca kullan\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biri haline gelmi\u015ftir\u201d. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de internet i\u00e7eri\u011fi ve ileti\u015fimine y\u00f6nelik ilk \u00f6nemli sans\u00fcr uygulamas\u0131 2007 y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015flar\u0131nda, Youtube platformuna kar\u015f\u0131 eri\u015fimin tamamen engellenmesiyle al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ard\u0131ndan h\u0131zla Telekom\u00fcnikasyon ve \u0130leti\u015fim Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (T\u0130B) kurulmas\u0131na ve mahkemelerin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 internetteki zararl\u0131 i\u00e7eriklerden korumak gerek\u00e7esiyle web sitelerine eri\u015fimin engellemesine imk\u00e2n sa\u011flayan yeni bir kanun \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. May\u0131s 2007\u2019de \u201c\u0130nternet Ortam\u0131nda Yap\u0131lan Yay\u0131nlar\u0131n D\u00fczenlenmesi ve Bu Yay\u0131nlar Yoluyla \u0130\u015flenen Su\u00e7larla M\u00fccadele Edilmesi Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un (5651 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun) y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesinden sonra (5) Temmuz 2015 itibariyle mahkeme kararlar\u0131 ve T\u0130B taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan idari eri\u015fim engelleme kararlar\u0131yla aralar\u0131nda muhalif haber sitelerinin de bulundu\u011fu yakla\u015f\u0131k 90 bin web sitesine eri\u015fim engellenmi\u015ftir. 5651 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130nternet Kanunu h\u00fck\u00fcmete, ulusal g\u00fcvenlik ad\u0131na her t\u00fcrl\u00fc internet i\u00e7eri\u011fine eri\u015fim engeli ve sans\u00fcr yetkisi vermektedir. AKP h\u00fck\u00fcmeti 29 Nisan 2017\u2019de Wikipedia sitesine eri\u015fimi de tamamen engelledi. Wikipedia, T\u00fcrkiye Devleti\u2019nin Suriye\u2019deki ter\u00f6r gruplar\u0131n\u0131 destekledi\u011fini iddia eden makaleyi yay\u0131ndan kald\u0131rmay\u0131 reddedince h\u00fck\u00fcmet yetkilileri, bu maddeye dayanarak Wikipedia\u2019ya eri\u015fim yasa\u011f\u0131 getirdi. Yasak devam ediyor. (6)<\/p><p>AKP h\u00fck\u00fcmeti \u00f6zellikle 17-25 Aral\u0131k 2013 yolsuzluk ve r\u00fc\u015fvet soru\u015fturmalar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u015eubat 2014\u2019te 5651 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019u yer ve eri\u015fim sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n cezai sorumlulu\u011funu geni\u015fleterek daha fazla k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar getirmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcm bu ad\u0131mlar yo\u011fun uluslararas\u0131 ele\u015ftirilere ra\u011fmen at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. AG\u0130T Medya \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Temsilcisi\u2019nin kanaatine g\u00f6re: \u201cbu tedbirler ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ili\u015fkin AG\u0130T taahh\u00fctleri ve uluslararas\u0131 standartlarla ba\u011fda\u015fmamaktad\u0131r ve \u00f6zg\u00fcr ifadeyi, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 gazetecili\u011fi, gazetecilerin haber kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131, siyasi s\u00f6ylemi ve internet \u00fczerinden bilgi eri\u015fimini ciddi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkileme potansiyeline sahiptir.\u201d (7)<\/p><h2>TWITTER, FACEBOOK VE YOUTUBE ENGELLEND\u0130<\/h2><p>5651 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019da yap\u0131lan \u015eubat 2014 de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinin ard\u0131ndan T\u0130B, s\u0131ras\u0131yla 18 ve 27 Mart 2014 ve 2015 tarihlerinde Facebook, Twitter ve Youtube platformlar\u0131na eri\u015fimi engelleyen idari kararlara imza atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kararlar Anayasa Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan Anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 bulunmu\u015f ve engelleme kararlar\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (8) 2014 y\u0131l\u0131 boyunca Anayasa Mahkemesi \u201cifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131 olduklar\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle Nisan ay\u0131nda Twitter yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131rmas\u0131 ve May\u0131s ay\u0131nda YouTube yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131rmas\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, verdi\u011fi bir dizi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc kararlar Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131 ve AKP\u2019yi k\u0131zd\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6yle ki Erdo\u011fan, Twitter karar\u0131n\u0131 \u201cgayr\u0131milli\u201d diye nitelendirmi\u015f ve Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin karar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u2018Sayg\u0131 duymuyorum\u201d demi\u015ftir. (9)<\/p><p>AKP iktidar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan proje mahkemeler olarak sunulan ve geni\u015f yetkili Sulh Ceza Hakimlikleri taraf\u0131ndan t\u00fcm T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de internet yasaklar\u0131yla ilgili 3.000\u2019den fazla karar verilmi\u015f, 20.000\u2019den fazla URL engellemeye tabi tutulmu\u015ftur. Bu kararlar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 700 kadar\u0131 Twitter hesaplar\u0131 ve \u201ctweet\u201dler, 500 kadar\u0131 Facebook ve 200 kadar\u0131 da Youube platformunda yay\u0131nlanan i\u00e7erikle ilgilidir. Keza, Cumhuriyet gazetesine 60, S\u00f6zc\u00fc\u2019ye 36, Radikal\u2019e 28, Zaman\u2019a 24 ve haber sitesi T24\u2019e 40 civar\u0131nda engelleme karar\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. Daha da endi\u015fe uyand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olan, bu engelleme kararlar\u0131ndan 95\u2019inin d\u00f6nemin Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Ahmet Davuto\u011flu ve 50\u2019sinin Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Erdo\u011fan taraf\u0131ndan talep edilerek ald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. (10) Bu kararlar\u0131n hepsi Ankara ve \u0130stanbul\u2019daki Sulh Ceza H\u00e2kimliklerince verilmi\u015ftir. (11)<\/p><p>2015 y\u0131l\u0131 Mart ay\u0131nda yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikle Kanuna eklenen 8(A) maddesi Telekom\u00fcnikasyon \u0130leti\u015fim Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na (TIB) mahkeme karar\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n mu\u011fl\u00e2k gerek\u00e7elerle web sitelerine eri\u015fimi engelleme yetkisi tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2015 y\u0131l\u0131 itibariyle h\u00fck\u00fcmet ilgili mahkeme kararlar\u0131yla birlikte toplamda 110.000 web sitesine ve 16.500\u2019den fazla URL\u2019ye eri\u015fimi engellemi\u015ftir.<\/p><h1>2.B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/h1><h1>BASIN VE \u0130FADE \u00d6ZG\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011e\u00dcNE M\u00dcDAHALE<\/h1><h2>15 TEMMUZ 2016 \u00d6NCES\u0130 BA\u015eLAYAN BASIN \u00d6ZG\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011e\u00dcNE M\u00dcDAHALELER<\/h2><p>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc darbe giri\u015fiminin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 15 Temmuz 2016 \u00f6ncesinde de AKP h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin tehdidi alt\u0131ndayd\u0131. AG\u0130T \u00d6zg\u00fcr Medya temsilcisi, 4 Nisan 2011 tarihinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, T\u00fcrkiyeli yetkililere medya alan\u0131ndaki yasal d\u00fczenlemeleri AG\u0130T\u2019in bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ili\u015fkin taahh\u00fctleri ile uyumlu hale getirmeleri \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulunmu\u015ftur. AG\u0130T, a\u00e7\u0131klaman\u0131n ekinde yer alan listede, o tarih itibar\u0131 ile hapiste bulunan 57 gazetecinin ismini de yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><p>Ancak AKP lideri ve Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan i\u00e7in \u00f6zellikle 17-25 Aral\u0131k 2013 tarihinde kendisine ve yak\u0131nlar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik yolsuzluk soru\u015fturmalar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131r\u0131lma noktas\u0131 oldu. Erdo\u011fan soru\u015fturma a\u00e7an savc\u0131 ve polislerin Fethullah G\u00fclen\u2019in liderli\u011fini yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hareketin \u00fcyesi oldu\u011funu iddia etti. G\u00fclen hareketini bu davalarla kendisine ve AKP h\u00fck\u00fcmetine darbe te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcnde bulunmakla su\u00e7lad\u0131. Nihayet Erdo\u011fan, grubun ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc ilan edilmesini sa\u011flad\u0131.(12) Aleyhine haber yapan gazetecileri ve medya kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 hedef ald\u0131. Merkez tabir edilen medya organlar\u0131nda Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n listeye ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 gazeteciler i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. (13) G\u00fclen Hareketine yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bilinen medya kurulu\u015flar\u0131na bask\u0131, do\u011frudan devletin el koymas\u0131 \u015feklinde cereyan etti. 27 Ekim 2015\u2019de \u0130pek Medya Grubu b\u00fcnyesindeki T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin en \u00e7ok izlenen haber kanallar\u0131ndan Bug\u00fcn TV, Bug\u00fcn Gazetesi, Millet Gazetesi, Kanalt\u00fcrkTV, Kanalt\u00fcrk Radyo gibi medya kurulu\u015flar\u0131na el konuldu. (14) Yay\u0131n organlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netimine h\u00fck\u00fcmete yak\u0131n isimler getirildi. (15) Yaz\u0131lar\u0131 ve s\u00f6ylemleri rahats\u0131zl\u0131k veren gazetecilerden 58\u2019i bir g\u00fcnde i\u015ften at\u0131ld\u0131. (16)<\/p><p>Bir s\u00fcre sonra medya organlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm haber ar\u015fivleri silinerek kapat\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130pek Medya Grubu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 500 ki\u015fi i\u015fsiz kald\u0131. (17) 5 Mart 2016 tarihinde ise yine G\u00fclen hareketine ba\u011fl\u0131 y\u00fcksek tirajl\u0131 Zaman Gazetesi grubuna, el konularak y\u00f6netimi h\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan atanan kayy\u0131mlara teslim edildi. Zaman Gazetesi ile birlikte FEZA Medya grubu i\u00e7erisinde bulunan Aksiyon dergisi, Cihan Haber Ajans\u0131, Today\u2019s Zaman y\u00f6netimi tamamen AKP\u2019li isimlerin kontrol\u00fcne ge\u00e7ti. Medya organlar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131n politikas\u0131, AKP h\u00fck\u00fcmetini destekler \u015fekilde 180 derece de\u011fi\u015fti. (18) Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Hizmet Hareketinin yay\u0131n organ\u0131 Samanyolu Yay\u0131n Grubu\u2019nda yer alan Mehtap TV, Ebru TV, Bur\u00e7 FM\u2019in de aralar\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu 13 kanal ve radyonun uydudan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verildi. (19) 30 Nisan 2016 tarihi itibariyle yay\u0131nlar\u0131 karart\u0131larak engellendi. Kanallar kapat\u0131ld\u0131, 850 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 i\u015fsiz kald\u0131. (20)<\/p><h2>ERDO\u011eAN TAL\u0130MAT VERD\u0130 CAN D\u00dcNDAR TUTUKLANDI<\/h2><p>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yarg\u0131n\u0131n, Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131 ve talimatlar\u0131 alt\u0131nda hareket eder hale geldi\u011finin \u00f6rneklerinden biri Cumhuriyet Gazetesi y\u00f6neticilerinin tutuklanmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecidir. H\u00fck\u00fcmete muhalif yay\u0131n \u00e7izgisiyle bilinen Cumhuriyet, 29 May\u0131s 2015\u2019de, ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e (Irak \u015eam \u0130slam Devleti) silah ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen M\u0130T TIR\u2019lar\u0131yla ilgili bir haber yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Haberin ard\u0131ndan, 31 May\u0131s\u2019ta devlet televizyonu TRT1\u2019de canl\u0131 yay\u0131na kat\u0131lan Erdo\u011fan haberi yay\u0131nlayanlar\u0131 tehdit etti: \u201cMilli \u0130stihbarat Te\u015fkilat\u0131na at\u0131lan bu iftiralar, yap\u0131lan gayri me\u015fru operasyon, bir yer de bu ajanl\u0131k ve casusluk faaliyetidir. Bu casusluk faaliyetinin i\u00e7ine bu gazete de girmi\u015ftir. \u2026Bu, birileri ad\u0131na alg\u0131 operasyonudur. \u2026 Bu haberi \u00f6zel haber olarak yapan ki\u015fi de \u00f6yle zannediyorum ki, bunun bedelini a\u011f\u0131r \u00f6deyecek; \u00f6yle b\u0131rakmam onu\u201d a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (21)<\/p><p>\u0130lerleyen g\u00fcnlerde Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n, \u201cBir proje geli\u015ftiriyoruz. Binlerce dava a\u00e7\u0131lacak\u201d s\u00f6zlerinden sonra kurulan geni\u015f yetkili Sulh Ceza Hakimlikleri kuruldu. (22) Binlerce tutuklama kararlar\u0131 veren bu mahkemelerden \u0130stanbul 7. Sulh Ceza H\u00e2kimli\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan, 26 Kas\u0131m 2015 tarihinde, gazetenin Genel Yay\u0131n Y\u00f6netmeni Can D\u00fcndar ve Ankara temsilcisi Erdem G\u00fcl, casusluk ve ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne yard\u0131m gibi su\u00e7lamalarla tutuklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00fcndar ve G\u00fcl, 92 g\u00fcn tutuklu kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anayasa Mahkemesinin ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve g\u00fcvenlik hakk\u0131 ihlali karar\u0131 vermesinden sonra tahliye edilmi\u015flerdir.<\/p><h2>ERDO\u011eAN ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130N\u0130N KARARINI KABUL ETMED\u0130<\/h2><p>Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Erdo\u011fan, 28 \u015eubat 2016 tarihinde bu kez de tahliye karar\u0131 \u00fczerine, \u201cBu olay\u0131n ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile yak\u0131ndan uzaktan alakas\u0131 yoktur; bu bir casusluk davas\u0131d\u0131r. Bana g\u00f6re, medyan\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olamaz\u2026 Anayasa Mahkemesi bu \u015fekilde bir karar vermi\u015f olabilir. Ama onu kabul etmek durumunda de\u011filim ve verdi\u011fi karara da uymuyorum; sayg\u0131 da duymuyorum. Bu bir tahliye karar\u0131d\u0131r. Asl\u0131nda onlarla ilgili karar veren mahkeme karar\u0131nda direnebilirdi.\u201d (23) demi\u015f ve sonras\u0131nda ismi ge\u00e7en gazeteciler, yarg\u0131lamay\u0131 yapan mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan 5 y\u0131l 10 ay hapis cezas\u0131 ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. (24)<\/p><h2>15 TEMMUZ SONRASI OHAL \u0130LANI \u0130LE KAPATILAN MEDYA KURULU\u015eLARI VE TUTUKLAMALAR<\/h2><p>15 Temmuz\u2019da darbe giri\u015fimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda 250 sivil vatanda\u015f hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015ftir. Ard\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye genelinde ba\u015flat\u0131lan operasyonlarda bug\u00fcne kadar en az 511 bin ki\u015fi g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, (25) Mart 2018 tarihi itibariyle en az 228 bin 137 ki\u015fi tutuklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (26) \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n resmi a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na g\u00f6re; 259 bin 999 ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda soru\u015fturma veya dava a\u015famas\u0131 s\u00fcrerken, tahliyeler sonras\u0131nda halen cezaevinde 30 bin 947 ki\u015fi bulunuyor. (27) Bu ki\u015filerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 G\u00fclen Hareketi\u2019ne \u00fcye olmak, darbe giri\u015fiminde bulunmak, \u00f6rg\u00fct propagandas\u0131 yapmak gibi su\u00e7lamalarla tutuklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><p>Bu kadar kitlesel tutuklamalara ve a\u00e7\u0131lan y\u00fczlerce davaya ra\u011fmen 15 Temmuz darbe giri\u015fiminin kimler taraf\u0131ndan organize edildi\u011fi net olarak anla\u015f\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ana muhalefet partisi olan Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi, darbenin AKP iktidar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kontroll\u00fc \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fini savunmaktad\u0131r. (28)<\/p><p>15 Temmuz\u2019dan bu yana ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik bask\u0131lar \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 20 Temmuz 2016\u2019da kabul edilen Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc Hal\u2019in (OHAL) ard\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararnameler ile (KHK) 2016 y\u0131l\u0131 sonuna kadar haber ajanslar\u0131, gazeteler, televizyon kanallar\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere 178 medya kurulu\u015fu kapat\u0131ld\u0131. (29) Ayr\u0131ca 30 yay\u0131nevi kapat\u0131ld\u0131 ve bast\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitaplar yasakland\u0131. (30) T\u00fcrkiye Gazeteciler Cemiyeti\u2019nin a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na g\u00f6re OHAL kapsam\u0131nda i\u015fsiz kalan gazeteci say\u0131s\u0131 10 bini a\u015ft\u0131. (31) \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131lan KHK\u2019lar, ter\u00f6rle m\u00fccadele yasas\u0131 ile cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131 ve di\u011fer resmi g\u00f6revlileri ele\u015ftirmeyi yasaklayan d\u00fczenlemeler nedeniyle ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczerinde zaten mevcut olan k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131 daha da yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. OHAL\u2019in sona erdi\u011fi 17 Temmuz 2018 tarihinden ard\u0131ndan da ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bask\u0131 ve tehdit alt\u0131nda kalmaya devam etmi\u015ftir.<\/p><h2>191 GAZETEC\u0130 TUTUKLU<\/h2><p>OHAL\u2019den bu yana farkl\u0131 yay\u0131n politikas\u0131na sahip kurumlarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f fakat AKP muhalifi yay\u0131n yapt\u0131klar\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle 300\u2019\u00fcn \u00fczerinde gazeteci tutuklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tahliye edilenlerle birlikte halen cezaevinde tutuklu bulunan gazeteci say\u0131s\u0131 191\u2019dir. (32) Bununla birlikte hakk\u0131nda tutuklama karar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kan gazeteci say\u0131s\u0131 167\u2019dir. 34 yabanc\u0131 gazeteci de hedef al\u0131narak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edildi. Sadece 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda 839 gazeteci haberleri nedeniyle mahkemeye \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 705\u2019i G\u00fclen Hareketine yak\u0131n medya kurumlar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar olmak \u00fczere 1954 gazetecinin Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k onay\u0131 ile almaya hak kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 Bas\u0131n Kartlar\u0131 da iptal edilmi\u015ftir. (33)<\/p><h2>AKP D\u00d6NEM\u0130NDE MEDYA\u2019NIN EL DE\u011e\u0130\u015eT\u0130RMES\u0130 VE \u0130KT\u0130DARIN KONTROL\u00dcNE GE\u00c7MES\u0130<\/h2><p>AKP\u2019nin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de iktidar oldu\u011fu 2002 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana bas\u0131n ve yay\u0131n organlar\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm i\u00e7ine girmi\u015ftir. AKP\u2019nin medyay\u0131 da yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rmaya giri\u015fti\u011fi ilk ad\u0131mlar \u00f6zellikle 2007 y\u0131l\u0131yla ba\u015flamaktad\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemden itibaren AKP mevcut ana ak\u0131m medya kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda kendisine ba\u011fl\u0131 \u2018yanda\u015f\u2019 medya organlar\u0131n\u0131n serpilmesi i\u00e7in elinden geleni yapm\u0131\u015f ve devlet imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131 seferber etmi\u015ftir. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc medya kurulu\u015flar\u0131, AKP\u2019ye bo\u011fun e\u011fme ya da varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 tehdit eden cezalarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fma aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Erdo\u011fan, kitlelere ula\u015fabilen tek ses olmak amac\u0131yla t\u00fcm medyay\u0131 istedi\u011fi k\u0131vama getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (34) Muhalif g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gazeteci ve entelekt\u00fcellerin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 hapse atm\u0131\u015f, bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ise yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015famak zorunda b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (35)<\/p><p>Ana Muhalefet Partisi CHP taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan politika notunda; Adalet ve Kalk\u0131nma Partisinin (AKP) medyan\u0131n y\u00fczde 95\u2019ini kontrol etti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. (36) CHP raporuna g\u00f6re; ekonomik ve siyasal bask\u0131larla AKP\u2019nin tekelci uygulamalar\u0131 sonucunda T\u00fcrkiye, D\u00fcnya Bas\u0131n \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Endeksi\u2019nde 2002\u2019den 2018\u2019e 99. s\u0131radan 157. s\u0131raya geriledi. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fanan skandal olaylara ili\u015fkin AKP iktidar\u0131n\u0131 zora sokacak geli\u015fmelerin haber yap\u0131lmas\u0131 yay\u0131n yasaklar\u0131 ile engellenmek istendi. Sadece 2011 ile 2018 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda 468 habere yay\u0131n yasa\u011f\u0131 getirildi. 2019 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk iki ay\u0131 i\u00e7inde ise 34 yay\u0131n yasa\u011f\u0131 karar\u0131 verildi.<\/p><h2>CEZALARLA YILDIRMA VE ELE GE\u00c7\u0130RME POL\u0130T\u0130KASI<\/h2><p>AKP\u2019nin kendisine muhalif bir \u00e7izgi izleyen T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck medya patronu Do\u011fan Grubu\u2019nu a\u011f\u0131r bi\u00e7imde cezaland\u0131rmas\u0131 ibretlik bir durum yaratm\u0131\u015f ve t\u00fcm di\u011fer medya patronlar\u0131 daha \u2018uysal\u2019 bir \u00e7izgiyi benimsemeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (37) Do\u011fan Grubunun 82 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki patronu Ayd\u0131n Do\u011fan bir anda 28 \u015eubat 1997\u2019de postmodern darbesine destek vermekle su\u00e7lanarak dava a\u00e7\u0131lma tehdidiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n, h\u00fck\u00fcmete kar\u015f\u0131 tarafl\u0131 oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle s\u00fcrekli ele\u015ftirdi\u011fi Do\u011fan Grubu\u2019na 2009\u2019da 4,2 milyar lira vergi cezas\u0131 kesilmi\u015ftir. Ayd\u0131n Do\u011fan o d\u00f6nem \u201cher \u015feyin temeli siyasi\u201d s\u00f6zleriyle vergi ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 su\u00e7lamalar\u0131n\u0131 reddetmi\u015fti. (38) Ayd\u0131n Do\u011fan, May\u0131s 2011\u2019de Milliyet ve Vatan Gazetelerini AKP iktidar\u0131na yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile bilinen ve daha \u00f6nce medya sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde olmayan i\u015fadam\u0131 Erdo\u011fan Demir\u00f6ren\u2019e satt\u0131. Do\u011fan, daha sonra H\u00fcrriyet, Fanatik ve Posta gazeteleri ile Kanal D ve CNN T\u00fcrk gibi dev medya kanallar\u0131n\u0131 Mart 2018\u2019de Demir\u00f6ren\u2019e satarak medya sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnden ayr\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p><p>Erdo\u011fan Demir\u00f6ren\u2019in medya patronu olduktan sonra yay\u0131nlanan bir haberden dolay\u0131 kendisini telefonla arayan ve hakaret eden Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan\u2019dan \u00f6z\u00fcr diledi\u011fi, \u201cNas\u0131l girdim ben bu i\u015fe\u201d diyerek a\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. (39) Do\u011fan medya grubunun sat\u0131\u015f\u0131yla birlikte T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki 29 gazeteden (spor, ekonomi ve yabanc\u0131 dilde yay\u0131n yapan gazeteler hari\u00e7) 21\u2019i h\u00fck\u00fcmetle yak\u0131n ili\u015fkide bulunan patronluk yap\u0131s\u0131na sahip olmu\u015f oldu. H\u00fck\u00fcmet \u00e7izgisinde yay\u0131n yapan gazetelerin toplam gazete tiraj\u0131 i\u00e7erisindeki pay\u0131 ise y\u00fczde 90\u2019\u0131 a\u015f\u0131yor. (40)<\/p><p>Sabah-ATV medya grubunun el de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi de \u00f6nemli bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131d\u0131r. Yolsuzluk soru\u015fturmas\u0131na giren belgelerde, 2013 sonunda sat\u0131\u015fa sunulan Sabah-ATV\u2019nin Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n talimat\u0131yla sermaye havuzu olu\u015fturan AKP\u2019li i\u015fadamlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan sat\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Medya grubu Erdo\u011fan ve damad\u0131 Berat Albayrak\u2019\u0131n talimatlar\u0131yla y\u00f6netilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (41)<\/p><h2>GAZETEC\u0130LERE M\u00dcEBBET HAP\u0130S CEZALARI<\/h2><p>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de sadece gazetecilik faaliyetleri nedeniyle gazeteciler a\u011f\u0131r hapis cezalar\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130stanbul 26. A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesi Gazeteciler Ahmet Altan, Mehmet Altan, Nazl\u0131 Il\u0131cak, Fevzi Yaz\u0131c\u0131, Yakup \u015eim\u015fek ve \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Tu\u011frul \u00d6z\u015feng\u00fcl\u2019\u00fc (m\u00fcebbet) \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu hapis cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gazeteciler darbe \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda bulunmak, darbeyi desteklemek, (gazeteciler bu su\u00e7lamalar\u0131 reddetmi\u015ftir) suretiyle Anayasa\u2019y\u0131 ihlal ettikleri gerek\u00e7esiyle mahk\u00fbm olmu\u015ftur. (42)<\/p><p>BM ifade ve fikir \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hakk\u0131 \u00d6zel Raport\u00f6r\u00fc David Kaye ve Avrupa G\u00fcvenlik ve \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Te\u015fkilat\u0131, Medya \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Temsilcisi Harlem D\u00e9sir, yapt\u0131klar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, \u201cBu sert cezalar T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ifade ve medya \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 kabul edilmez bir sald\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. Bu hapis cezalar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de muhalif sesleri bast\u0131rman\u0131n benzeri g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bir seviyesini temsil ediyor.\u201d demi\u015flerdir. (43)<\/p><h2>CEZA VERMEYEN MAHKEME HEYET\u0130 DE\u011e\u0130\u015eT\u0130R\u0130LD\u0130<\/h2><p>Y\u00fczlerce gazeteci sadece sosyal medya payla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 ve twitter payla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 RT ettikleri, muhalif k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131lar\u0131, r\u00f6portajlar\u0131, haberleri televizyon kanallar\u0131nda yapt\u0131klar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalar ve hatta \u00e7ektikleri foto\u011fraflar nedeniyle ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u00fcyeli\u011fi ile su\u00e7lanarak yarg\u0131lanmaktad\u0131r. Bu davalar sonu\u00e7lanmaya ve gazeteciler h\u00fck\u00fcm giymeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir davada 29 gazeteci birden yarg\u0131lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130stanbul 25. A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesi\u2019nde g\u00f6r\u00fclen dava h\u00fck\u00fcmetin m\u00fcdahalesi sahne olmu\u015ftur. (44)<\/p><p>Yarg\u0131lamay\u0131 yapan mahkeme heyeti duru\u015fma bitiminde tutuklu 21 gazetecinin tahliyesine 5\u2019inin tutukluluk halinin devam\u0131na karar verdi. Ancak tahliye kararlar\u0131 AKP\u2019li h\u00fck\u00fcmet yetkililerinin devreye girmesiyle engellenmi\u015ftir. Gazeteciler cezaevinde bekletilmeye devam edilmi\u015f ard\u0131ndan yeni bir su\u00e7lama ile ko\u011fu\u015flar\u0131nda g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131narak yeniden tutuklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gazetecileri serbest b\u0131rakan mahkeme heyeti de\u011fi\u015ftirilerek yeni bir heyet atanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yeni atanan heyet ise gazetecilerin tamam\u0131na ceza ya\u011fd\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gazetecilerin 19\u2019una 7 y\u0131l 6 ay hapis, 14\u2019\u00fcne \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyeli\u011fi su\u00e7lamas\u0131yla 6 y\u0131l 3 ay hapis, iki gazeteciye de \u00f6rg\u00fcte yard\u0131m su\u00e7undan 2 ile 3 y\u0131l hapis cezas\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. (45)<\/p><p>Uluslararas\u0131 Bas\u0131n Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (IPI) \u2018\u0130lerleme Tutukland\u0131\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye raporunda \u201cOHAL sonras\u0131 bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde hi\u00e7bir ilerleme yok\u201d a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yapt\u0131. Raporda, \u201c\u015eu anda 155 gazeteci hapiste. Bunlardan 30\u2019u darbe giri\u015fiminden \u00f6nce, 125\u2019i darbe giri\u015fiminden sonra tutukland\u0131. 75 gazetecinin cezas\u0131 belirlendi ve 82 dava devam ediyor.\u201d denildi. (46)<\/p><p>Ayr\u0131ca Oxford \u00dcniversitesi Reuters Gazetecilik \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc raporuna g\u00f6re ise T\u00fcrkiye, haberlere g\u00fcvensizlik oran\u0131ndan d\u00fcnya ikincisi durumunda. (47)<\/p><p>ABD merkezli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015fu Freedom House, \u00fclkelerin 2019 y\u0131l\u0131 temel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck seviyelerini g\u00f6steren \u2018D\u00fcnya \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler Raporu\u2019nu yay\u0131nlad\u0131. \u2018\u00d6zg\u00fcr olmayan\u2019 \u00fclke kategorisinde yer alan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ge\u00e7mi\u015f y\u0131llara g\u00f6re durumunun \u2018k\u00f6t\u00fcye gitti\u011fi\u2019 ifade edildi. (48)<\/p><h2>AKADEM\u0130SYENLERE \u0130HRA\u00c7 VE TUTUKLAMA<\/h2><p>OHAL s\u00fcresince 15 \u00fcniversite, 1043 okul kapat\u0131ld\u0131. 7 bin 619 akademisyen meslekten ihra\u00e7 edildi, 1400 akademisyen tutukland\u0131. (49) 19 sendika, 1700 dernek, vak\u0131f, sivil toplum kurulu\u015funun faaliyeti durduruldu. 80 bin \u00f6\u011fretmen a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa al\u0131nd\u0131. 125 bin 806 ki\u015fi kamu g\u00f6revlerinden ihra\u00e7 edildi. (50)<\/p><p>AKP h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin do\u011fu ve g\u00fcneydo\u011fu illerindeki ter\u00f6rle m\u00fccadele politikalar\u0131 sonucu ya\u015fanan 1000\u2019in \u00fczerinde sivil \u00f6l\u00fcmlerinin ve hak ihlallerinin sona ermesi talebiyle baz\u0131 akademisyenler taraf\u0131ndan bir bildiri haz\u0131rland\u0131. (51) 10 Ocak 2016\u2019da \u201cBar\u0131\u015f \u0130\u00e7in Akademisyenler \u0130nisiyatifi\u201dnin (BAK) \u201cBu Su\u00e7a Ortak Olmayaca\u011f\u0131z\u201d bildirisini Yurti\u00e7inden 111, yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan 372 \u00fcniversiteden akademisyenin imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f metni 483 \u00fcniversiteden 2212 akademisyen imzalad\u0131.<\/p><h2>BARI\u015e AKADEM\u0130SYENLER\u0130 TEHD\u0130T ED\u0130LD\u0130 CEZALANDIRILDI<\/h2><p>Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Erdo\u011fan, bildiriyi imzalayan akademisyenler i\u00e7in \u201cal\u00e7ak, zalim, kapkaranl\u0131k, cahil, tiksinti verici, vatan haini, l\u00fcmpen, ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn ma\u015fas\u0131, ahlaks\u0131z ve ruhu kirlenmi\u015f\u201d ifadelerini kulland\u0131. (52) Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n s\u00f6zleri \u00fczerine Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim Kurulu\u2019nu (Y\u00d6K) da harekete ge\u00e7ti ve bildiriye imza atanlar \u00fcniversitelerden ihra\u00e7 edilmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Akademisyenler yaln\u0131zca devlet yetkililerinin hedefi olmad\u0131. Radikal AKP destek\u00e7isi su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc lideri Sedat Peker akademisyenler i\u00e7in, \u201cKanlar\u0131n\u0131zla du\u015f alaca\u011f\u0131z.\u201d dedi. 499 akademisyen hakk\u0131nda ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 \u201cTer\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc propagandas\u0131 yapmak\u201d su\u00e7lamas\u0131yla davalar a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. 8 May\u0131s 2019 tarihi itibariyle 191 akademisyen 15\u2019\u015fer ay hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm oldu. (53) Oysa A\u0130HM, akademisyenlerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 kurum veya sistem ile ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini \u00f6zg\u00fcrce dile getirebilmesinin ve herhangi bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama olmaks\u0131z\u0131n bilgi ve ger\u00e7ekleri yayma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7eren akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin \u00f6nemine i\u015faret etmi\u015ftir. (54)<\/p><h2>HEDEF G\u00d6STER\u0130LEN VE \u0130\u015eTEN ATILAN AKADEM\u0130SYEN \u0130NT\u0130HAR ETT\u0130<\/h2><p>\u201cBu su\u00e7a ortak olmayaca\u011f\u0131z!\u201d bildirisinin imzac\u0131lar\u0131ndan Dr. Mehmet Fatih Tra\u015f, 25 \u015eubat 2017\u2019de ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc sempatizan\u0131 olarak su\u00e7lanmas\u0131, hedef g\u00f6sterilmesi ve i\u015ften at\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle girdi\u011fi bunal\u0131m sonucu ya\u015fam\u0131na son verdi. Tra\u015f, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hukuksuzluklar\u0131 intihar mektubunda anlatt\u0131. (55)<\/p><h2>\u00c7OCUKLAR \u00d6LMES\u0130N DED\u0130\u011e\u0130 \u0130\u00c7\u0130N TUTUKLANDI, BEBE\u011e\u0130YLE CEZAEV\u0130NE KONULDU<\/h2><p>AKP iktidar\u0131 d\u00f6neminde ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn geldi\u011fi noktay\u0131 en iyi anlatan olaylardan biri de \u00f6\u011fretmen Ay\u015fe \u00c7elik\u2019in tutuklanmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecidir. 8 Ocak 2016\u2019da bir televizyon kanal\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan show program\u0131na telefonla ba\u011flanan Ay\u015fe \u00c7elik isimli \u00f6\u011fretmen \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir; T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin G\u00fcneydo\u011fu\u2019sunda neler olup bitti\u011finin fark\u0131nda m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z? Burada do\u011fmam\u0131\u015f \u00e7ocuklar, anneler, insanlar \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Sanat\u00e7\u0131 olarak, insan olarak siz de ya\u015fananlara sessiz kalmamal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z, dur demelisiniz. Yaz\u0131k art\u0131k insanlar \u00f6lmesin, \u00e7ocuklar \u00f6lmesin, anneler a\u011flamas\u0131n.\u201d (56)<\/p><p>Bu s\u00f6zlerinden dolay\u0131 \u00c7elik\u2019e \u2018ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc propagandas\u0131 yapmaktan\u2019 1 y\u0131l 3 ay hapis cezas\u0131 verildi. \u00d6\u011fretmen \u00c7elik, 6 ayl\u0131k k\u0131z\u0131 ile birlikte Diyarbak\u0131r E Tipi Cezaevi\u2019ne konuldu. \u00c7elik\u2019e destek ama\u00e7l\u0131 \u2018Hepimiz Ay\u015fe \u00d6\u011fretmeniz\u2019 diyerek kendilerini savc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ihbar eden 38 ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda da ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc propagandas\u0131 yapmak su\u00e7undan 5 y\u0131l hapis istemiyle dava a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. (57)<\/p><p>Benzer ele\u015ftirilerde bulunan \u00e7ok say\u0131da sosyal medya hesab\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 da benzer soru\u015fturmalarla yarg\u0131lanarak tutukland\u0131. 15 Temmuz sonras\u0131 6 ayl\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde 3710 ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda sosyal medya payla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 nedeniyle i\u015flem yap\u0131ld\u0131. 1656 ki\u015fi tutukland\u0131.<\/p><p>Sadece 2018 y\u0131l\u0131 verilerine g\u00f6re bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde polis 110 bin civar\u0131nda sosyal medya hesab\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yapm\u0131\u015f 7 bin 109 ki\u015fiyi g\u00f6zalt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2017\u2019de 39 bin sosyal medya hesab\u0131 incelendi, 3 bin \u015f\u00fcpheliden bini \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 mahkemece tutukland\u0131, 1400 ki\u015fi adli kontrol \u015fart\u0131yla serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. (58) Bu ki\u015filerden su\u00e7 i\u00e7erikli payla\u015f\u0131m yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle 2 bin 754\u2019\u00fc tutuklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (59)<\/p><h2>\u0130FADE \u00d6ZG\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011e\u00dcNE KAR\u015eI CUMHURBA\u015eKANINA HAKARET YASASI<\/h2><p>TCK\u2019n\u0131n 299. Maddesini d\u00fczenleyen Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019na hakaret su\u00e7u bas\u0131n ve ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6n\u00fcnde engel olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Sadece 2017\u2019de 20 bin 539 soru\u015fturma a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 2099 ki\u015fi mahk\u00fbm olmu\u015ftur. (60) \u00d6zellikle 17-25 Aral\u0131k yolsuzluk soru\u015fturmalar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan 2014\u2019den bu yana Erdo\u011fan\u2019a hakaret su\u00e7undan 13 bin civar\u0131 dava a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (61) Sosyal medya kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ele\u015ftirileri hakaret kabul edilmi\u015f sanat\u00e7\u0131lar, medya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131, karikat\u00fcristler, \u00fcniversite \u00f6\u011frencileri, sendikac\u0131lar, re\u015fit olmayan \u00e7ocuklar ve s\u0131radan vatanda\u015flar hakk\u0131nda davalar a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ya\u015flar\u0131 12 ile 15 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n bile sosyal medyada payla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 nedeniyle Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019na hakaret su\u00e7undan yarg\u0131lanmalar\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekicidir.<\/p><h2>12-15 YA\u015eLARINDAK\u0130 \u00c7OCUKLAR CUMHURBA\u015eKANINA HAKARETTEN YARGILANDI<\/h2><p>Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Adli Sicil ve \u0130statistik Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc verilerine g\u00f6re 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda 299. maddeden aralar\u0131nda re\u015fit olmayan bir ki\u015finin de bulundu\u011fu 132 ki\u015fi yarg\u0131land\u0131. 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda h\u0131zl\u0131 bir art\u0131\u015fla 76\u2019s\u0131 re\u015fit olmayan \u00e7ocuk olmak \u00fczere 1.953 ki\u015fi yarg\u0131land\u0131. 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda 148\u2019i re\u015fit olmayan 4.187 ki\u015fi yarg\u0131land\u0131. 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda yarg\u0131lanan re\u015fit olmayan ki\u015filerden 54\u2019\u00fc 12 ila 15 ya\u015f aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yer al\u0131yordu. 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir s\u0131\u00e7rama daha ya\u015fand\u0131 ve 340\u2019\u0131 re\u015fit olmayan (bunlardan 42\u2019si 12-15 ya\u015f aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yer al\u0131yordu) 6.033 ki\u015fi yarg\u0131land\u0131. Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n istatistiklerine g\u00f6re, ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde mahkumiyet say\u0131lar\u0131 da artt\u0131. 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na hakaret etmekten 40 ki\u015fi mahkumiyet alm\u0131\u015fken, 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda 238 ki\u015fi mahkum oldu, 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu say\u0131 d\u00f6rde katlanarak 884\u2019e \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise \u015foke edici bir \u015fekilde 2.099 mahkumiyete f\u0131rlad\u0131. (62)<\/p><p>Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131n dahi ge\u00e7medi\u011fi ancak yolsuzluklara ele\u015ftiri olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u201cH\u0131rs\u0131z var\u201d slogan\u0131n\u0131 payla\u015fanlar g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131narak hakaret su\u00e7unu i\u015fledikleri gerek\u00e7esiyle yarg\u0131lanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (63)<\/p><h1>SONU\u00c7:<\/h1><p>D\u00fcnyada demir parmakl\u0131klar arkas\u0131ndaki gazetecilerin yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bulunmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn demokrasiden ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerden uzakla\u015fan bir \u00fclke g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc vermektedir. Erdo\u011fan medya sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc farkl\u0131 \u015fekillerde kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131na alarak istedi\u011fi \u015fekilde halka y\u00f6nelik alg\u0131 operasyonlar\u0131 yapmaktad\u0131r. Mevcut rejim ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne, farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere ya\u015fam hakk\u0131 tan\u0131mamaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, en k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede alt\u0131na imza att\u0131\u011f\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri ve insan haklar\u0131 beyannamelerini, ask\u0131ya ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesini ve T.C Anayasas\u0131n\u0131 yeniden uygulan\u0131r hale getirmelidir.<\/p><h1>Kaynaklar<\/h1><p>1) \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Evrensel Bildirgesi, Bianet, 10 December 2002,<\/p><p>https:\/\/m.bianet.org\/biamag\/insan-haklari\/15169-insan-haklari-evrensel-bildirgesi<\/p><p>2) D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve \u0130fade \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn Korunmas\u0131 ve Geli\u015ftirilmesine ili\u015fkin \u00d6zel Raport\u00f6r\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye Ziyaretine \u0130li\u015fkin Raporu, 6-23 June 2017, A\/HRC\/35\/22\/Add,<\/p><p>http:\/\/www.un.org.tr\/humanrights\/images\/pdf\/ifade-ozgurlugu-ozel-raportoru.pdf<\/p><p>3) \u201cT\u00fcrkiye, A\u0130HM\u2019de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden en fazla mahkum olan \u00fclke oldu\u201d, Euronews, 24 january 2019,<\/p><p>https:\/\/tr.euronews.com\/2019\/01\/24\/turkiye-aihm-de-dusunce-ve-ifade-ozgurlugunden-en-fazla-mahkum-olan-ulke-oldu<\/p><p>4) \u201cYeni M\u0130T Yasas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Bilmeniz Gereken 20 \u015eey\u201d, Onedio, 29 April 2014,<\/p><p>https:\/\/onedio.com\/haber\/iste-mit-yasasi-hakkinda-her-sey&#8211;295452<\/p><p>5) \u0130nternet Ortam\u0131nda Yap\u0131lan Yay\u0131nlar\u0131n D\u00fczenlenmesi Ve Bu Yay\u0131nlar Yoluyla \u0130\u015flenen Su\u00e7larla M\u00fccadele Edilmesi Hakk\u0131nda Kanun, Resmi Gazete, 23 May 2007,<\/p><p>http:\/\/www.resmigazete.gov.tr\/eskiler\/2007\/05\/20070523-1.htm<\/p><p>6) \u201cWikipedia, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de tam 2 y\u0131ld\u0131r yasakl\u0131!\u201d, T24,29 April 2019,<\/p><p>https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/wikipedia-turkiye-de-tam-2-yildir-yasakli,818867<\/p><p>7) T\u00fcrkiye \u0130nternet Yasas\u0131 5651 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun De\u011fi\u015fiklik Tasar\u0131s\u0131 \u00dczerine De\u011ferlendirme, January 2014<\/p><p>www.osce.org\/fom\/110823?download=true<\/p><p>8) \u201cAnayasa Mahkemesi ve Youtube Karar\u0131\u201d, Bianet, 9 June 2014,<\/p><p>https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/siyaset\/156280-anayasa-mahkemesi-ve-youtube-karari<\/p><p>9) \u201cErdo\u011fan Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019ni hedef ald\u0131\u201d, CNN Turk, 12 April 2014,<\/p><p>https:\/\/www.cnnturk.com\/haber\/turkiye\/erdogan-anayasa-mahkemesini-hedef-aldi<\/p><p>10) \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Muhalif D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin Susturulmas\u0131 ve \u0130fade \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d, Yaman Akdeniz, Kerem Alt\u0131parmak,<\/p><p>https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/329988009_Turkiye\u2019de_Muhalif_Dusuncenin_Susturulmasi_ve_Ifade_Ozgurlugu<\/p><p>11) D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve \u0130fade \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn Korunmas\u0131 ve Geli\u015ftirilmesine ili\u015fkin \u00d6zel Raport\u00f6r\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye Ziyaretine \u0130li\u015fkin Raporu, 6-23 June 2017, A\/HRC\/35\/22\/Add,<\/p><p>http:\/\/www.un.org.tr\/humanrights\/images\/pdf\/ifade-ozgurlugu-ozel-raportoru.pdf<\/p><p>12) \u2018FET\u00d6\/PDY\u2019yi ilk ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc kabul ve ilan eden Erdo\u011fan\u2019d\u0131r\u2019, Anadolu Ajans\u0131, 3 June 2018<\/p><p>https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/tr\/turkiye\/basbakan-yardimcisi-bozdag-feto-pdyyi-ilk-teror-orgutu-kabul-ve-ilan-eden-erdogandir\/1164004<\/p><p>13) \u201cHabert\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 gazeteci B\u00fclent Ceyhan: O listede olmak benim i\u00e7in \u015fereftir\u201d, Diken, 19 August 2018,<\/p><p><blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"k0tOODQ5YJ\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.diken.com.tr\/haberturkun-isten-cikardigi-gazeteci-bulent-ceyhan-o-listede-olmak-benim-icin-sereftir\/\">Habert\u00fcrk'\u00fcn i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 gazeteci B\u00fclent Ceyhan: O listede olmak benim i\u00e7in \u015fereftir<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content lazyload\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Habert\u00fcrk&#039;\u00fcn i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 gazeteci B\u00fclent Ceyhan: O listede olmak benim i\u00e7in \u015fereftir&#8221; &#8212; Diken\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.diken.com.tr\/haberturkun-isten-cikardigi-gazeteci-bulent-ceyhan-o-listede-olmak-benim-icin-sereftir\/embed\/#?secret=FOF8ygxvxL#?secret=k0tOODQ5YJ\" data-secret=\"k0tOODQ5YJ\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" data-load-mode=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/p><p>14) \u201cKoza \u0130pek Holding \u015firketlerine el kondu\u201d, Euronews, 27 October 2015,<\/p><p>https:\/\/tr.euronews.com\/2015\/10\/27\/koza-ipek-holding-sirketlerine-el-kondu<\/p><p>15) \u201c\u0130\u015fte Koza-\u0130pek\u2019e atanan kayyumlar\u201d, H\u00fcrriyet, 28.Oktober 2015,<\/p><p>http:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/iste-koza-ipeke-atanan-kayyumlar-40007103<\/p><p>16) \u201cEl konulan \u0130pek Medya Grubu\u2019nda 58 gazeteci i\u015ften at\u0131ld\u0131!\u201d, T24, 3 November 2015,<\/p><p>https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/el-konulan-ipek-medya-grubunda-58-gazeteci-isten-atildi,315188<\/p><p>17) \u201c500 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015fsiz kald\u0131&#8230; \u0130pek Medya b\u00f6yle bat\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u201d, Cumhuriyet, 2 March 2016,<\/p><p>http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/ekonomi\/490391\/500_calisan_issiz_kaldi&#8230;_ipek_Medya_boyle_batirildi.html<\/p><p>18) \u201cZaman\u2019\u0131n kayyum y\u00f6netimindeki ilk say\u0131s\u0131\u201d, BBC, 6 March 2016,<\/p><p>https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/turkce\/haberler\/2016\/03\/160306_kayyum_zaman_ilk_sayi<\/p><p>19) \u201cSamanyolu\u2019na ait 13 kanal T\u00fcrksat\u2019tan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u201d, Milliyet, 14 November 2015,<\/p><p>http:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/samanyolu-na-ait-13-kanal-gundem-2147730\/<\/p><p>20) \u201cSamanyolu\u2019nda ekran karard\u0131 850 ki\u015fi i\u015fsiz kald\u0131\u201d, Gazeteciler.com, 16 November 2015,<\/p><p>http:\/\/www.gazeteciler.com\/haber\/samanyolunda-ekran-karardi-850-kii-isiz-kaldi\/249424<\/p><p>21) \u201cErdo\u011fan\u2019dan Can D\u00fcndar\u2019a: \u00d6yle B\u0131rakmam Onu\u201d, HABERLER.COM, 1 June 2015,<\/p><p>https:\/\/www.haberler.com\/erdogan-dan-can-dundar-a-oyle-birakmam-onu-7369084-haberi\/<\/p><p>22) \u201cErdo\u011fan demi\u015fti: Bir y\u0131lda skandal tutuklamalar\u201d, 1 July 2015,<\/p><p>http:\/\/www.patronlardunyasi.com\/haber\/Erdogan-demisti-Bir-yilda-skandal-tutuklamalar\/170373<\/p><p>23) \u201cCumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Erdo\u011fan: \u2018Karara uymuyorum, sayg\u0131 da duymuyorum\u2019\u201d, H\u00fcrriyet, 28 February 2016,<\/p><p>http:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/cumhurbaskani-erdogan-karara-uymuyorum-saygi-da-duymuyorum-40061344<\/p><p>24) \u201cCan D\u00fcndar\u2019a 5 y\u0131l 10 ay hapis cezas\u0131\u201d, H\u00fcrriyet, 6 May 2016,<\/p><p>http:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/mit-tirlari-davasinda-hakim-kararini-verdi-40100458<\/p><p>25) \u201cSoylu: 15 Temmuz sonras\u0131 511 bin ki\u015fi g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u201d, Sputniknews, 11 March 2019,<\/p><p>https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/201903111038119903-soylu-15temmuz-sonrasi-511bin-kisi-gozaltina-alindi\/<\/p><p>26) \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de OHAL yedinci kez uzat\u0131ld\u0131\u201d, Deutsche Welle, 18 March 2018,<\/p><p>https:\/\/www.dw.com\/tr\/t%C3%BCrkiyede-ohal-yedinci-kez-uzat%C4%B1ld%C4%B1\/a-43436783<\/p><p>27) \u201c500 bin ki\u015fiye FET\u00d6 soru\u015fturmas\u0131\u201d, OdaTV, 4 March 2019,<\/p><p>https:\/\/odatv.com\/500-bin-kisiye-feto-sorusturmasi-04031941.html<\/p><p>28) \u201cK\u0131l\u0131\u00e7daro\u011flu: 15 Temmuz kontroll\u00fc darbe giri\u015fimidir\u201d, BBC, 3 April 2017,<\/p><p>https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/turkce\/haberler-turkiye-39478777<\/p><p>29) \u201c\u00dc\u00e7 Gazete, Bir Televizyon Kapat\u0131ld\u0131\u201d, Bianet, 8 July 2018,<\/p><p>https:\/\/m.bianet.org\/bianet\/ifade-ozgurlugu\/198961-uc-gazete-bir-televizyon-kapatildi<\/p><p>30) \u201cOHAL\u2019de 30 yay\u0131nevi kapat\u0131ld\u0131\u201d, Susma, 7 June 2017,<\/p><p><blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"4sItsiSbnR\"><a href=\"https:\/\/susma24.com\/ohalde-30-yayinevi-kapatildi\/\">OHAL\u2019de 30 yay\u0131nevi kapat\u0131ld\u0131<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content lazyload\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;OHAL\u2019de 30 yay\u0131nevi kapat\u0131ld\u0131&#8221; &#8212; Susma24\" data-src=\"https:\/\/susma24.com\/ohalde-30-yayinevi-kapatildi\/embed\/#?secret=4wBasiNJ5L#?secret=4sItsiSbnR\" data-secret=\"4sItsiSbnR\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" data-load-mode=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/p><p>31) \u201cSay\u0131lar ve Raporlarla 15 Temmuz\u2019un 2 Y\u0131l\u0131\u201d, Bianet, 16 July 2018,<\/p><p>https:\/\/m.bianet.org\/bianet\/siyaset\/199216-sayilar-ve-raporlarla-15-temmuz-un-2-yili<\/p><p>32) \u201cTime to Stop Erdo\u011fan!\u201d, Stockholm Center For Freedom,3 May 2019,<\/p><p>https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/NYT-Ad-Stockholm-Center-for-Freedom-May-2-2019-1.pdf<\/p><p>33) \u201c1954 Gazetecinin Bas\u0131n Kart\u0131 \u0130ptal Edildi\u201d, Bianet, 19 December 2018,<\/p><p>https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/medya\/203679-1954-gazetecinin-basin-karti-iptal-edildi<\/p><p>34) \u201cYeni T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Medya D\u00fczeni,\u201d Emre Tansu Keten, Yeni Yol, Ocak-\u015eubat 2016, Say\u0131 17,<\/p><p>http:\/\/www.yeniyol.org\/yeni-turkiyenin-medya-duzeni\/<\/p><p>35) \u201cJailed and wanted journalists in Turkey \u2013 Updated List,\u201d SCF, July 30, 2017,<\/p><p><blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"WLjN0UcMb9\"><a href=\"https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/updated-list\/\">Jailed and wanted Journalists in Turkey- Updated List<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content lazyload\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Jailed and wanted Journalists in Turkey- Updated List&#8221; &#8212; Stockholm Center for Freedom\" data-src=\"https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/updated-list\/embed\/#?secret=JgjnKm6KDy#?secret=WLjN0UcMb9\" data-secret=\"WLjN0UcMb9\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" data-load-mode=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/p><p>\u201cFreedom of the Press in Turkey: Far Worse Than You Think,\u201d SCF, January 2017,<\/p><p>http:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/Freedom_of_press_in_Turkey_26.01.2017.pdf<\/p><p>36) \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de medyan\u0131n y\u00fczde 95\u2019i AKP\u2019nin kontrol\u00fcnde\u201d, MedyaBold, 5 March 2019,<\/p><p>https:\/\/medyabold.com\/2019\/03\/05\/turkiyede-medyanin-yuzde-95i-akpnin-kontrolunde\/<\/p><p>37) AKP d\u00f6neminde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de\u011fi\u015fen Medya Sermayesi, Hala Gazeteciyiz, 10 May 2018,<\/p><p>https:\/\/halagazeteciyiz.net\/2018\/05\/10\/akp-doneminde-turkiyede-degisen-medya-sermayesi\/<\/p><p>38) FT: Do\u011fan Grubu\u2019nun sat\u0131lmas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye medyas\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck bir darbe, T24, 29 April 2018,<\/p><p>https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/dogan-holdingten-kapa-aciklama,587295<\/p><p>39) \u201cErdo\u011fan f\u0131r\u00e7alad\u0131, Demir\u00f6ren a\u011flad\u0131\u201d, Cumhuriyet, 6 March 2014,<\/p><p>http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/48011\/Erdogan_fircaladi__Demiroren_agladi.html<\/p><p>40) \u201cDo\u011fan Medya Grubu Demir\u00f6ren\u2019e sat\u0131ld\u0131\u201d, Euro News, 21 March 2018,<\/p><p>https:\/\/tr.euronews.com\/2018\/03\/21\/dogan-medya-grubu-demiroren-e-sat-ld-<\/p><p>41) \u2018Havuz\u2019 resmen Sabah-ATV\u2019nin sahibi, Sol, 22 February 2014<\/p><p>http:\/\/haber.sol.org.tr\/medya\/havuz-resmen-sabah-atvnin-sahibi-haberi-88341<\/p><p>42) \u201cAltan karde\u015fler ve Il\u0131cak\u2019\u0131n cezas\u0131 onand\u0131!\u201d, Habert\u00fcrk,<\/p><p>https:\/\/www.haberturk.com\/son-dakika-altan-kardesler-ve-ilicak-in-cezasi-onandi-2165227<\/p><p>43) T\u00fcrkiye: BM ve AG\u0130T uzmanlar\u0131 gazetecilere m\u00fcebbet hapis cezas\u0131 verilmesinin \u201cifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne e\u015fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bir sald\u0131r\u0131\u201d oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor, 16 February 2018, UN Turkey,<\/p><p>http:\/\/www.un.org.tr\/humanrights\/tr\/raporlar-ve-aciklamalar<\/p><p>44) \u201cNisan 1 \u015fakas\u0131 de\u011fil\u2026 Hukuk bitti!\u201d, TR724, 1 April 2017,<\/p><p><blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"RIFKVmrwg5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tr724.com\/nisan-1-sakasi-degil-hukuk-bitti-tr724-manset\/\">Nisan 1 \u015fakas\u0131 de\u011fil&#8230; Hukuk bitti! [Tr724 Man\u015fet]<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content lazyload\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Nisan 1 \u015fakas\u0131 de\u011fil&#8230; Hukuk bitti! [Tr724 Man\u015fet]&#8221; &#8212; TR724\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.tr724.com\/nisan-1-sakasi-degil-hukuk-bitti-tr724-manset\/embed\/#?secret=gpIzo7L4XQ#?secret=RIFKVmrwg5\" data-secret=\"RIFKVmrwg5\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" data-load-mode=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/p><p>45) Medya davas\u0131nda gazetecilere hapis cezas\u0131 ya\u011fd\u0131<\/p><p>https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/tr\/tutuklu-gazeteciler\/medya-davasinda-gazetecilere-hapis-cezasi-yagdi<\/p><p>46) \u201cUluslararas\u0131 Bas\u0131n Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc: T\u00fcrk medyas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 95\u2019i iktidar kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131nda\u201d, Romanya Haber, 12 February 2019,<\/p><p>http:\/\/romhaber.com\/2019\/02\/12\/uluslararasi-basin-enstitusu-turk-medyasinin-yuzde-95i-iktidar-kontrolu-altinda\/<\/p><p>47) \u201cOxford\u2019dan T\u00fcrkiye raporu: Medyada kutupla\u015fma ve habere g\u00fcvensizlik \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131\u201d; Diken, 22.September 2017,<\/p><p><blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"7sspBdYYbR\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.diken.com.tr\/oxforddan-turkiye-raporu-medyada-kutuplasma-ve-haberlere-guvensizlik-dikkat-cekici\/\">Oxford'dan T\u00fcrkiye raporu: Medyada kutupla\u015fma ve habere g\u00fcvensizlik \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content lazyload\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Oxford&#039;dan T\u00fcrkiye raporu: Medyada kutupla\u015fma ve habere g\u00fcvensizlik \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131&#8221; &#8212; Diken\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.diken.com.tr\/oxforddan-turkiye-raporu-medyada-kutuplasma-ve-haberlere-guvensizlik-dikkat-cekici\/embed\/#?secret=LOrZW4suR3#?secret=7sspBdYYbR\" data-secret=\"7sspBdYYbR\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" data-load-mode=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/p><p>48) \u201cFreedom House raporu yay\u0131nland\u0131: T\u00fcrkiye bu y\u0131l da \u2018\u00f6zg\u00fcr\u2019 de\u011fil\u201d, T24, 6 February 2019,<\/p><p>https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/freedom-house-raporu-yayinlandi-turkiye-bu-yil-da-ozgur-degil,807228<\/p><p>49) \u201cAKP\u2019nin 20 Temmuz Darbesi ve Bilan\u00e7osu\u201d, Romanya Haber, 10 January 2017,<\/p><p>http:\/\/news.romhaber.com\/2017\/01\/10\/akpnin-20-temmuz-darbesi-ve-bilancosu\/<\/p><p>50) 15 Temmuz\u2019dan bug\u00fcne kamudan ihra\u00e7 edilenlerin say\u0131s\u0131, Bas\u0131n \u0130lan Kurumu, 9 July 2018,<\/p><p>https:\/\/www.bik.gov.tr\/15-temmuzdan-bugune-kamudan-ihrac-edilenlerin-sayisi\/<\/p><p>51) Bar\u0131\u015f \u0130\u00e7in Akademisyenler Vakas\u0131n\u0131n K\u0131sa Tarihi, T\u0130HV, 11 January 2019,<\/p><p>http:\/\/www.tihvakademi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Barisicinakademisyenlervakasi.pdf<\/p><p>52) \u201cAkademisyenler: En k\u00f6t\u00fc notu verece\u011fimiz iddianame ile yarg\u0131lan\u0131yoruz\u201d, Evrensel, 5 December 2015,<\/p><p>https:\/\/www.evrensel.net\/haber\/367564\/akademisyenler-en-kotu-notu-verecegimiz-iddianame-ile-yargilaniyoruz<\/p><p>53) \u201cBar\u0131\u015f Akademisyeni F\u00fcsun \u00dcstel Cezaevine girdi\u201d, Evrensel, 8 May 2019,<\/p><p>https:\/\/www.evrensel.net\/haber\/378998\/baris-akademisyeni-fusun-ustel-cezaevine-girdi<\/p><p>54) \u201c\u0130fade \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d, Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019ne Bireysel Ba\u015fvuru El Kitaplar\u0131 Serisi,2018<\/p><p>https:\/\/www.anayasa.gov.tr\/bireyselbasvuru\/pdf\/Kitaplar\/02_Ifade_ozgurlugu.pdf<\/p><p>55) \u201c\u0130ntihar eden akademisyen hukuksuzlu\u011fu mektupla anlatm\u0131\u015f\u201d, Birg\u00fcn Gazetesi, 26 February 2017,<\/p><p>https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber-detay\/intihar-eden-akademisyen-hukuksuzlugu-mektupla-anlatmis-148411.html<\/p><p>56) Beyaz Show\u2019a Ba\u011flanan Ay\u015fe \u00d6\u011fretmen Sosyal Medyay\u0131 Y\u0131kt\u0131 Ge\u00e7ti: \u201cDo\u011fu\u2019da Olanlar\u0131n Fark\u0131nda M\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z?, Mynet, 9 Ocak 2016,<\/p><p>https:\/\/www.mynet.com\/beyaz-showa-baglanan-ayse-ogretmen-sosyal-medyayi-yikti-gecti-doguda-olanlarin-farkinda-misiniz-190101076685<\/p><p>57) \u201cAy\u015fe \u00d6\u011fretmen\u2019e 1 y\u0131l 3 ay hapis\u201d, H\u00fcrriyet, 27 April 2017<\/p><p>http:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/ayse-ogretmene-1-yil-3-ay-hapis-40439571<\/p><p>58) \u201cEmniyet bir y\u0131lda 39 bin sosyal medya hesab\u0131nda su\u00e7 tespit etti\u201d, 26 December 2017,<\/p><p>https:\/\/www.politikyol.com\/emniyet-bir-yilda-39-bin-sosyal-medya-hesabinda-suc-tespit-etti\/<\/p><p>59) \u201cSosyal medyadan su\u00e7 i\u00e7erikli payla\u015f\u0131m yapan 2 bin 754 ki\u015fi tutukland\u0131\u201d,Sputnik News, 19 December 2018,<\/p><p>https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/201812191036707573-sosyal-medya-tutuklama\/<\/p><p>60) \u201cT\u00fcrkiye: \u201cCumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na Hakaret\u201d Davalar\u0131n\u0131n A\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na Son Verilsin\u201d, HRW, 17 Oktober 2018,<\/p><p>https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/tr\/news\/2018\/10\/17\/323507<\/p><p>61) \u2018Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na hakaret\u2019 TCK\u2019den \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmal\u0131, Gazete Duvar, 14 February 2019,<\/p><p>https:\/\/www.gazeteduvar.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/02\/14\/cumhurbaskanina-hakaret-tckden-cikarilmali\/<\/p><p>62) \u201cT\u00fcrkiye: \u201cCumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na Hakaret\u201d Davalar\u0131n\u0131n A\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na Son Verilsin\u201d, HRW, 17 Oktober 2018,<\/p><p>https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/tr\/news\/2018\/10\/17\/323507<\/p><p>63) \u201c\u0130lave TV\u2019ye Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na hakaret davas\u0131\u201d, 16 Punto, 26 April 2019<\/p><p>https:\/\/16punto.com\/ilave-tvye-cumhurbaskanina-hakaret-davasi\/<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7fe8c68 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7fe8c68\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-984fcc9\" data-id=\"984fcc9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d13b98 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"7d13b98\" 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Ancak, tarih boyunca iktidar sahipleri, ele\u015ftirel fikirlerin menfaatlerine zarar verece\u011fini, varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 tehlikeye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrece\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrerek ifade [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":46844,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_jf_save_progress":"","_jf_limit_responses":"","jnews_page_loop":{"first_title":"Latest Post","header_type":"heading_6","layout":"right-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","module":"3","main_custom_image_size":"default","second_custom_image_size":"default","excerpt_length":"20","content_date":"default","date_custom":"Y\/m\/d","content_pagination":"nav_1","pagination_align":"center","post_sticky":"0","post_offset":"0","posts_per_page":"5","sort_by":"latest"},"jnews_single_page":{"layout":"no-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","show_post_title":"1","show_post_breadcrumbs":"1","show_post_featured":"1","share_position":"top","share_color":"share-monocrhome"},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-47302","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Fikir H\u00fcrriyetine Getirilen K\u0131s\u0131tlamalar - International Journalists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/internationaljournalists.org\/tr\/fikir-hurriyetine-getirilen-kisitlamalar\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fikir H\u00fcrriyetine Getirilen K\u0131s\u0131tlamalar - International Journalists\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0130\u00c7ER\u0130K TABLOSU G\u0130R\u0130\u015e \u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc her bireyin e\u015fit d\u00fczeyde sahip oldu\u011fu bir hakt\u0131r. 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